31例行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术患者临床特点分析并文献复习

目的：探讨分析行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ，TIPS）患者的临床特点，为临床开展T IPS提供参考。方法回顾性分析昆明医科大学第二附属医院2009年1月至2014年5月31例接受T IPS治疗并严格随访复查患者的临床资料，统计并分析患者术前基本情况、实验室指标、术后再出血发生率、手术并发症、抗凝药物服用情况和血栓形成、溶解情况等。结果在所有行T IPS患者的诊断中，慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、慢性丙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化并食管胃底静脉出血、酒精性肝硬化并食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、不明原因肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、布加综合征、慢性乙型并丙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化并食管胃底静脉出血、原发性胆汁性肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血所占比例分别为45．16％、16．13％、12．90％、12．90％、6．45％、3．22％、3．22％；术后6个月内再出血发生率为9．68％；术前、术后1周、3个月、6个月的平均Child‐Puhg评分分别为（8．35±2．52）、（8．32±1．76）、（9．29±2．55）、（8．10±1．85）分，术后1周、3个月、6个月分别与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），术后3个月肝功能Child‐Puhg评分高于术后1周、术后6个月（ P＜0．05）；手术并发症腹腔出血、肝性脑病、支架狭窄发生率分别为3．22％、22．58％、12．90％；术后未服用抗凝药物、服用阿司匹林、服用氯吡格雷、服用华法林的比例分别为9．68％、38．71％、41．94％、9．68％；术后门脉血栓的形成（包括血栓增多）率为12．90％，血栓溶解率为100％。结论在我国，肝硬化并门静脉高压患者是T IPS的主要来源，而乙型肝炎是引起肝硬化的主要病因；TIPS对肝功能Child‐Puhg评分无明显影响；肝性脑病、支架狭窄仍然为 TIPS术后主要并发症；规律服用抗凝药物可以溶解门静脉血栓和防止血栓形成。

Clinical characteristics of 31 cases of patients with TIPS and literature review

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and literature review in patients with clinical features ,and provide clinical reference for carrying out the TIPS .Methods Totally 31 patients in our hospital from January 2009 to May 2014 who received TIPS treatment and strict follow‐up were retro‐spectively analyzed ,the preoperative basic situation ,laboratory index ,the incidence of postoperative bleeding again ,surgical compli‐cations ,the use of anticoagulant drugs and thrombosis ,dissolved ,etc .were statistical analyzed .Results In all patients with TIPS in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension ,hepatitis B ,hepatitis C cirrhosis and portal hypertension ,alcoholic liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension ,unknown cause of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension ,Budd Chiari syndrome ,hepatitis B and hepatitis C cirrhosis and portal hypertension ,primary biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension in proportion of 45 .16% ,16 .13% ,12 .90% , 12 .90% ,6 .45% ,3 .22% ,3 .22% respectively ;the incidence of postoperative bleeding again within six months was 9 .68% ;the Child‐Puhg score of preoperative and postoperative 1 week and 3 months ,6 months was (8 .35 ± 2 .52) ,(8 .32 ± 1 .76) ,(9 .29 ± 2 .55) ,(8 .10 ± 1 .85) respectively .Statistical results showed in postoperative 1 week and 3 months ,6 months ,there was no statisti‐cally significant difference compared with preoperative respectively (P>0 .05) ,postoperative 3 months liver function score of Child‐Puhg was higher than that of postoperative 1 week and 6 months (P<0 .05) operation;the rate of abdominal hemorrhage ,hepatic encephalopathy ,stent stenosis were 3 .22% ,22 .58% ,12 .90% ;the proportion of no postoperative taking anticoagulants ,taking as‐pirin ,clopidogrel ,and warfarin were 9 .68% ,38 .71% ,41 .94% ,9 .68% ,respectively ;the formation of portal vein thrombosis (inclu‐ding thrombosis increased) rate was 12 .90% ,thrombus dissolution rate was 100% .Conclusion In China ,liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is the main source of TIPS and hepatitis B is a major cause of liver cirrhosis ;TIPS have no effect on liver function in Child‐Puhg score;hepatic encephalopathy ,stent restenosis is still the main postoperative complications of TIPS ;rules taking antico‐agulant drugs can dissolve thrombus of the portal vein and prevent thrombosis .