严重急性呼吸综合征3例尸检病理分析

目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者的病变的病理形态特点及与临床表现的相关性。方法 对3例SARS死亡病例进行尸体解剖,光镜观察各脏器的病理变化,并与临床表现进行联系。结果 肉眼突出的病理改变为双肺的弥漫性出血,镜下为肺泡的急性渗出性、出血性和纤维素性炎症,肺泡毛细血管充血,一些毛细血管内微血栓形成。肺泡壁增厚,单个核细胞浸润,肺泡上皮损伤脱落,肺泡腔内渗出物伴透明膜形成。部分肺泡腔内有纤维素样物质及红细胞,少数肺内支气管动脉内血栓栓塞。淋巴结及脾脏等出血坏死,淋巴细胞衰减。其他实质脏器如肝、心、肾、胰腺等呈非特异性改变,如水样变性,脂肪变性、间质细胞增生等以及3例老年患者此次人院前存在的基础病变。结论 SARS具有其病理形态特点,患者的肺部严重病变及免疫器官的损伤引起相应的临床表现并导致患者死亡。

A clinicopathological study on 3 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and its relationship to clinical manifestation. Methods Tissue specimens from 3 autopsy cases of diagnosed SARS were studied under microscopy and the clinical data were reviewed. Results The typical pathological changes of lungs were diffuse hemorrhage on surface. A mixture features of serous, fibrinous and hemorrhagic inflammation were seen in most pulmonary alveoli with engorgement of capillary and there were microthrombosis in some capillary. Pulmonary alveoli became thick with interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, diffused alveoli damage, desquamation of pneumocytes and hyaline-membrane formation. Fibrinoid materials and erythrocytes could be found in alveolar spaces. There were thrombo-embolisms in some bronchial artery. Meanwhile, haemorrhagic necrosis was showed in lymph nodes and spleen with attenuation of lymphocytes. Other atypical pathological changes, such as hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, interstitial cell proliferation and some lesions observed in liver, heart, kidney, pancreas may have existed before the hospitalization. Conclusion Severe damages of pulmonary and immunological system damage are responsible for clinical features of SARS and may lead to death of patients.