Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures

Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common fracture around the elbow in the pediatric population. They are the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and are seen primarily in the first decade of life. The diagnosis of these fractures can be subtle and, if missed, can result in vascular, structural, or neurologic injuries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of these injuries is important to improved clinical outcome. The emergency physician needs to remain vigilant for this diagnosis to avoid this orthopedic pitfall. This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic technique, and management options applicable to the emergency physician in the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures.