我国老年人口今年将突破2亿其中半数为空巢

  目的  了解老年人日常生活活动能力（ADL）现状及其影响因素，为更好的保障老年人的合法权益提供参考依据。  方法  于2017年6月 — 2018年3月采用多阶段分层抽样方法，对山东省青岛市7个区19家医养结合机构800位 ≥ 60岁入住老年人进行问卷调查和焦点访谈；采用 χ²检验和多元线性回归对影响老年人ADL的因素进行分析。  结果  老年人ADL总体得分为（30.19 ± 15.289）分；800名老年人中，有ADL障碍的比例为59.13 %，ADL下降的比例为17.00 %，ADL正常的比例为23.88 %。多因素分析显示，影响老年人ADL的因素为健康状况、教育程度、户籍类型、医养结合机构服务模式和医保种类（t = 8.852、– 3.582、– 2.976、2.505、– 1.752，P < 0.05）。  结论  大多数入住医养机构的老年人ADL明显障碍或功能下降，影响老年人ADL 的因素包括躯体、社会和医养机构服务模式等。

Studies of illness in the aged

  Objective  To examine the status and influencing factors of activities of daily living (ADL) among the elderly and to provide references for promoting legitimate rights and interests of the elderly.  Methods  Using multistage stratified sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey and focus interview among 850 persons aged 60 years and above and living in 19 pension institutions providing integrated medical and nursing care in 7 districts of Qingdao city, Shandong province between June 2017 and March 2018. We adopted chi-square test and multiple linear regression to analyze influencing factors of ADL.  Results  The mean overall ADL score was 30.19 ± 15.289 for the 800 participants with valid information; the proportion of the participants with impaired, declined, and normal ADL were 59.13%, 17.00%, and 23.88%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that significant factors affecting the elderly' ADL were health status (t = 8.852), education level (t = – 3.582), type of household registration (t = – 2.976), service model of integrated medical and nursing care provided by an institution (t = 2.505), and type of medical insurance (t = – 1.752) (all P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Impaired or declined ADL is prevalent among the elderly in pension institutions providing integrated medical and nursing care and the ADL of the elderly is associated with physical and social factors and with service model of integrated medical and nursing care provided by the institutions.