营养和生活习惯对骨密度和骨强度的影响

目的：调查分析营养和生活习惯对跟骨骨密度的影响。 方法：在对苏州市20~65岁成年人进行了骨密度现状调查的基础上，随机选取了158人作为观察对象，男104人，女54人。随后对受试者进行营养(喝牛奶)和生活习惯(抽烟、饮酒和日照时间)的调查。 结果： ①喝牛奶人群的超声波衰减系数和骨质量指数明显高于不喝牛奶的人群(P < 0.01)。②饮酒或吸烟超声波衰减系数和骨质量指数均低于不饮酒或不吸烟组(P < 0.01)。③每天日照的时间对跟骨超声参数均数大小排列顺序为：30 min以上>15~ 30 min >15 min以下，组间差异有显著性意义。 结论：①钙是骨合成代谢的原料，是骨骼正常生长及形成峰值骨量的物质基础，充足的钙摄入可以防止骨质疏松的发生。②饮酒和吸烟是导致骨质疏松的危险因素。饮酒过量可导致骨质疏松症，使骨折危险性增加；香烟中的烟碱可直接或间接刺激破骨细胞活性，使血钙、尿钙的浓度增加，使骨密度下降。③日照时间的长短，可以促进活性维生素D的形成，从而可以提高钙的吸收，达到提高骨量的目的。

Effect of nutrition and living habits on bone mineral density and bone strength

AIM: To investigate the effect of nutrition and living habits on the calcaneus bone mineral density. METHODS: Based on the research of bone mineral density of 20-65-year-old adults in Suzhou city, 158 subjects, including 104 male and 54 female were selected, and then investigated on the subjects of nutrition (milk) and living habit (smoking, alcohol consumption and duration of sunshine). RESULTS: Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient (UAC) and bone quality indexes (BQI) in the drinking milk crowd was significantly higher than that of people who do not drink milk (P < 0.01). UAC and BQI in the drinking or smoking group were significantly lower compared with non-drinking or non-smoking group (P < 0.01). There was obvious difference between different sunlight duration, which was higher in the longer than 30 minutes group than the other. CONCLUSION: Calcium is the raw materials of synthetic bone, the normal bone growth and the formation of peak bone mass of the material basis. Ingestion on adequate calcium can prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis. However, drinking and smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis, excessive drinking can lead to osteoporosis and increase the risk of fracture; nicotine in cigarettes can be directly or indirectly stimulate the activity of osteoclasts, increase the blood calcium and the calcium concentration, and decreased bone mineral density. The length of the duration of bright sunshine can promote the formation of vitamin D, which can increase the absorption of calcium and increase the bone mass.