国人骶孔形态学测量

目的 观察骶孔形态特征，为骶骨手术提供解剖学依据。方法 选取60例骶骨标本男女性各30例，测量骶孔深度，骶后孔下缘和内侧缘分别到同侧骶角和后正中线的距离，骶后孔的横径和纵径，骶前孔和骶后孔的外侧缘及下缘的相对关系，骶角到同侧耳状面下缘的距离。结果 得出了各骶孔深度，各骶后孔横纵径，骶角到耳状面下缘的距离，改进了一种定位骶后孔的方法，初步得出骶前孔外侧缘和下缘相对骶后孔的位置。结论 本实验研究可以帮助医生对骶后孔进行更为准确的定位并初步了解骶后孔与骶前孔之间的关系，为临床麻醉、疼痛治疗、针灸以及骶骨手术的后入路设计提供解剖学参考。

Morphometry of Chinese sacral foramina morphology

Objective To observe the morphologic characters of the sacral foramina for providing anatomic foundation for operation on the sacrum. Methods Measurements were performed on 60 sacrum specimens. We gauged the depth of sacral foramina, the distance between the inferior hem of posterior sacral foramina and the sacral cornu on the same side, the length from medial hem of sacral foramina to the posterior sacral median line, the value of the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the posterior sacral foramina, the location of the anterior sacral foramina relatived to the corresponding posterior sacral foramina, the distance between the sacral cornu and the inferior edge of auricular surface. Results According to the measurement and analysis, the amount of sacral foramina depth and transverse and longitudinal diameter of posterior sacral foramina, and the distance between sacral cornu and the inferior edge of auricular surface were obtained. We also draw a conclusion of the difference between the anterior sacral foramina and the posterior sacral foramina in the location. Besides, a way to locate the sites of sacral foramina was improved. Conclusion The parameters in this article will help doctors to determine the position of the posterior sacral foramina more accurately and understand the relation between the anterior sacral foramina and the posterior sacral foramina primarily, providing anatomic proof for clinical anesthesia, treatment of pains, acupuncture and moxibustion, and design of posterior approach for operations on the sacrum.