基于一维统计参数映射分析跑者跑步地面反作用力差异

目的通过一维统计参数映射(statistical parametric mapping,SPM)对比分析男、女性跑者及左右侧地面反作用力(ground reaction force,GRF)差异。方法 30名男、女性跑者在测力跑台上以12 km/h速度进行跑步测试,记录连续5个支撑期GRF,采用一维统计参数映射独立样本t检验与配对样本t检验分别对比男、女性跑者及左右侧GRF差异。结果男、女性跑者的垂直平均负荷加载率(vertical average loading rate,VALR)左右侧均存在不对称,且男性跑者左侧VALR显著高于女性,而右侧无显著差异;男女性跑者右侧垂直GRF在蹬离期及横向GRF在落地期存在差异,男、女性跑者左侧横向GRF在落地期及支撑中期存在差异;男性跑者左右侧前后GRF在蹬离期、垂直GRF在落地和蹬离期及横向GRF在落地期均在存在差异;女性跑者左右侧GRF仅在垂直方向的落地期和蹬离期存在差异。结论介绍SPM在GRF数据分析中的应用,阐释相关步骤及原理,对比SPM连续值检验与特征值检验的差异,并讨论参数性SPM与非参数性SPM的差异与特征,为该方法在运动生物力学研究中的应用提供参考。通过对男、女性跑者间及左右侧GRF对比分析发现在落地期、支撑中期及蹬离期等阶段的性别差异及左右侧对称性差异,相关结果为后续进一步探究跑步相关损伤原理及防治措施铺垫基础。

Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces during Running Based on One-Dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping

Objective To analyze the difference in ground reaction force (GRF) between male and female runners and between left and right limbs using the one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods Thirty male and female runners participated the running test on force treadmill at the speed of 12 km/h. GRF of consecutive five steps were recorded. The independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test in the SPM package were used to check the male vs female and right limb vs left limb differences. Results Male and female runners showed inter-limb asymmetry in vertical average loading rate (VALR), and the VALR of male runners was significantly higher than that of female runners in the left limb, while no significant differences were found in the right limb. Male and female runners showed significant differences in the right vertical GRF during push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while left medial-lateral GRF presented significant differences during landing and mid stance. Male runners showed right limb vs left limb significance in the anterior-posterior GRF during push-off, vertical GRF during landing and push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while female runners exhibited right limb vs left limb significance in vertical GRF during landing and push-off. Conclusions This study introduced the application of SPM in statistical analysis of GRF, elaborated the procedures and theory, compared the test of time-series data in SPM and discrete value with traditional statistics, and discussed the difference and features in SPM and SnPM, thus providing references for the application in data analysis of sports biomechanics. Comparison in the male vs female and right limb vs left limb revealed the genders and inter-limb symmetrical differences in the landing, mid-stance and push-off phases during stance. The research findings laid the foundation for future investigation of mechanism in running related injuries and strategy of prevention and treatment.