植物激素在三萜类化合物生物合成中的作用及调控机制研究进展

三萜类化合物是一类广泛存在于药用植物、以异戊二烯为结构单元的一大类天然化合物,具有抗衰老、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗血栓、降血压、调血脂等功效;依据化合物的结构和性质,可将其分为三萜皂苷类、甾醇苷类和其他三萜类。植物激素是植物体内产生的一类微量且能促进或抑制自身生理活动的有机化合物,在调节植物生长发育、提高胁迫抗性、诱导次级代谢产物合成、积累等方面发挥着重要作用。在介绍三萜类化合物生物合成通路的基础上,归纳分析了茉莉酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸等植物激素在三萜类化合物生物合成中的作用及相关机制,认为植物激素或中间代谢产物通过作为信号分子或诱导子调控三萜类化合物生物合成中的关键酶活性或基因差异表达,从而影响最终产物的积累,并初步绘制了茉莉酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸等植物激素调控三萜类化合物生物合成作用机制模型,为研究三萜类化合物的生物合成机制,实现目标产物超积累提供参考和借鉴。

Research progress on roles of phytohormone in biosynthesis of triterpenoids and their regulatory mechanisms

Triterpenoid are a class of natural compounds with a structural unit of isoprene, and widely found in medicinal plants, which have many functions in clinical treatment such as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-thrombosis, lowering blood pressure, and regulating blood-lipid. According to the structure and properties, triterpenoids are divided into three categories, including triterpenoid saponins, steroid glycosides and other triterpenoids. Planthormones are trace organic compounds produced in plants that can promote and inhibit their physiological activities. Evidences show that planthormones play important roles in regulating plant growth and development, improving stress resistance and inducing the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this paper, biosynthesis pathways of triterpenoids were first introduced. Then, the roles of jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, salicylic acid other plant hormones in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids and related mechanism were generalized and analyzed. These results suggested that as signal molecules and elicitors, planthormones affected the accumulation of triterpenoids by regulating the key enzyme activity and gene expression. Accordingly, the mechanism model of jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and other phytohormones were preliminarily drawn, which can provide reference for studying the biosynthesis mechanism of triterpenoids and realizing the hyperaccumulation of target products.