亚洲蹲和西方蹲的下肢关节运动学和肌肉激活比较

目的分析比较亚洲蹲和西方蹲动作中下肢关节运动学和肌肉激活程度的差异。方法以11名健康成年人为研究对象,采用三维运动捕捉系统、测力台和表面肌电同步采集两种下蹲动作的运动学、动力学和肌肉激活信息,并通过OpenSim计算下肢肌力。结果在膝关节弯曲角度峰值时刻,亚洲蹲骨盆前倾,而西方蹲骨盆后倾;此外,与亚洲蹲相比,西方蹲具有显著较小的髋关节屈角、较大的膝关节屈角、较大的髋关节外展角和内旋角。在自重深蹲的下降期和上升期中,西方蹲的比目鱼肌力峰值均显著大于亚洲蹲,西方蹲的胫骨前肌力均显著小于亚洲蹲,峰值时刻未见统计学差异。结论在亚洲蹲中,胫骨前肌激活和近侧端关节前屈可能有利于稳定;而在脚跟抬起的西方蹲中,比目鱼肌激活显著,但两者近端肌肉激活模式相同。研究结果为临床深蹲康复方案制定或深蹲训练方式的选择提供理论指导。

Comparison of the Lower Limb Kinematics and Muscle Activation Between Asian Squat and Western Squat

Objective To compare the differences in lower limb joint kinematics and muscle activation between Asian squat (AS) and Western squat (WS). Methods Eleven healthy adults were recruited to complete the biomechanical test of AS and WS. The 3D motion analysis system, force plates and surface electromyography (EMG) were used to collect kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation data of the subjects during two squats, and muscle force of the lower limb was also calculated by OpenSim. Results AS showed pelvis forward flexion, while WS showed pelvis backward extension at the time of peak knee flexion angle. Compared with the AS, a significant smaller hip flexion, larger knee flexion, larger hip abduction and hip rotation angles were found in WS at the time of peak knee flexion angle. Compared with AS, a significant greater peak force of soleus was found in WS during descent and ascent phases of squat. Additionally, a smaller peak force of anterior tibia was found in WS than that in AS during descent and ascent phases of the squat. No significant differences were found in other muscle peak force and the time of peak force between AS and WS. Conclusions The combined tibialis anterior activation and proximal joint flexion might be beneficial to stabilization during AS. The soleus muscle activation was significant in WS with heel lifting. The muscle activation pattern of proximal joint was similar between AS and WS. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design of clinical squat rehabilitation programs or the selection of squat training.