Prevalence of dementia and associated risk factors in Middle Anatolia, Turkey

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of various cognitive disorders in the older population (age 55 years and above) of Eskisehir, Turkey, by conducting a cluster sampled door-to-door survey. A total of 3100 inhabitants were screened with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a questionnaire concerning demographic, occupational and social data. Individuals (n = 320) with MMSE scores of 25 were assessed according to the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and were investigated in the more detailed phase 2 study. The overall prevalence of dementia was 8.4%, although it ranged from 2.2% among those aged 55–59 years to 5.3% among those aged 60–64 years, and to 30.4% among those aged 75 or above. Vascular dementia was the most common type (51.1%), followed by Alzheimer’s dementia (48.8%). In a very small proportion of individuals (0.1%), dementia was due to other causes such as B12 deficiency, a tumour or hydrocephalus. Significant risk factors for dementia were female sex, low education, age, living in a rural area and a family history of dementia.