成都地区军队老年人20年病死率和死亡原因分析

目的 探讨军队离退休老年人1984～2003年期间病死率和死因构成的特征。方法 以1984年1月1日以前定居成都地区军队所属24个干休所的全部离退休人员为研究对象，根据健康档案调查逐年人员变动情况，对每例死亡人员通过查阅病历确定死亡原因。结果 （1）基线人数1665人，基线平均年龄61．56岁，共计观察了29776人年。20年累计死亡542人，平均病死率1820／10万人年；（2）死因构成前4位依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病。分别占总死因的42．1％、17．7％、14．9％和10．9％；（3）在恶性肿瘤死亡中，肺肿瘤死亡高居首位（40．8％），以下依次为肝肿瘤（16．2％）和胃肿瘤（14．5％），结、直肠肛门肿瘤和泌尿系统肿瘤并列第4位（各占6．6％）。结论 居住干休所的军队老年人近20年病死率低于全国城市老年人群的平均病死率；该老年群体前4位死因构成与全国城市同龄人群有明显差异，其特征是恶性肿瘤死亡在总死因中占更大的比例，呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病所占比例较小，而心脏病死亡所占比例与全国城市老年人群相似。

Analysis of mortality and causes of death during the past 20 years in a cohort population of elderly veterans in Chengdu city

Objective To investigate the mortality and causes of death during the period of 1984~2003 in a population of elderly veterans.Methods The analytic object was a cohort population of retired elderly veterans settled in Chengdu before January 1,1984.All cases of the population were investigated anually for 20 years according to health files.The medical records of every past victim were checked to confirm the cause of death.Results (1)The baseline of the population was 1665 cases with a mean age of 61.56 years.The total number of follow-up person-year was 29 776.During the 20 years,542 individual died and the mean mortality was 1820 per 100 000 person-year;(2)the preceding 4 causes of death were malignant tumor,heart disease,respiratory disease and cerebrovascular disease,sequentially,and the proportional mortality rates of the 4 causes were 42.1%,17.7%,14.9% and 10.9%,respectively;(3)In the causes of death of malignant tumor,lung cancer was the leading cause with a proportional rate of 40.8%,and following it there were liver tumor(16.2%),stomach tumor(14.5%),colon-rectal-anus tumor(6.6%) and urinary tumor(6.6%).Conclusions The mortality during recent 20 years in this cohort of elderly veterans were lower than that in the same age group of general population;The feature of constitution of causes of death in this cohort was that the proportional mortality rate of the preceding 4 causes of death were comparatively different from that in the same age group of general population.It appeared that the proportion mortality rate was much higher for malignant tumor,evidently lower for respiratory disease and cerebrovascular disease,and almost the same for heart disease in comparison with that in the same age group of general population.