综合性医院门诊患者护理需求调查与分析

目的探讨综合性医院门诊患者的护理需求。方法采用自设问卷，通过方便抽样选择上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金和仁济2所综合性医院的门诊患者共200例，根据不同性别、年龄、文化程度、收入及是否医保等方面进行护理需求调查。结果需求程度为5分的非常需要占所有需求程度的61．71％；其中安全需要得分最高（平均4．8019分）；不同性别、学历、年龄、个人月收入水平和医疗费用的门诊患者，其各层次的护理需求程度具有统计学意义，而不同籍贯、居住地及有无宗教信仰的患者在各层次护理需求上差异无统计学意义。结论门诊患者普遍存在程度较高的护理需求且护理需求是多维的，具有共性的，但存在个体差异；门诊护理人员应该熟练运用马斯洛人类需要层次理论以满足门诊患者的护理需求；管理部门努力改善门诊设施及就医环境，使门诊医疗水平得以全面提高。

Investigation of the outpatients'nursing requirements in general hospital

Objective To investigate the tendency and the degree of the outpatients' nursing requirements,with guidance of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was applied to 200 outpatients from Ruijin and Renji Hospitals by random sampling.The results were analyzed with SPSS software package.Results The extreme need marked as 5 points in all demanding level accounted for 61.71%.The need for safety in Maslow's theory got the highest mark(4.8019 on average).Outpatients' different gender,educational background,age,personal income and medical expense led to statistic differences in demanding degrees on every levels.But,the patients' native place,residence and religion caused little difference of the needs.Conclusion The outpatients' nursing requirements,with diverse characteristics are important with common needs,and individual differences.Their gender,age,educational level,personal income,medical expense,etc.,are the main influential factors which mate the differences.Outpatient nursing staff should be familiar with Maslow's theory of human needs to meet the nursing needs of outpatients;Administrater should make great effort to improve outpatient facilities and environment,so as to improve outpatient medical treatment.