Innovative application of magnetically modified bovine horn as a natural keratin resource in the role of value-added organocatalyst |
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Authors: | Atefeh Darvishi Hadi Bakhshi Akbar Heydari |
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Affiliation: | Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14155-4838 Iran ; Department of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam Germany, |
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Abstract: | This study presents the conversion of bovine horn powder (BHP) as an available and low-cost waste material to a value-added highly recyclable catalyst. This green catalyst was prepared through the immobilization of BHP, as a natural keratin resource, on the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The successful preparation of the catalyst was fully investigated using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies as well as field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetry. The catalytic efficiency of the prepared magnetic organocatalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of a large series of amide derivatives through the solvent-free transamidation reaction of different amides and amines with yields of 75–96%.The conversion of bovine horn powder as an available and low-cost waste material to a value-added recyclable organocatalyst for transamidation reaction. |
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