Affiliation: | ∗ Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, Cancer Programs, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois † Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois ‡ Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois § Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio ‖ John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, and Barnes Jewish Hospital, Center for Health Policy and the Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri ¶ Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine and the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California # Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California |