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Endothelial Cells,First Target of Drug Delivery Using Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound
Affiliation:2. Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;3. Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;2. Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China;3. Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;2. Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;3. Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;4. Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;5. Pittsburgh Heart and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;2. Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;2. National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;2. Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Abstract:Microbubble-assisted ultrasound has emerged as a promising method for local drug delivery. Microbubbles are intravenously injected and locally activated by ultrasound, thus increasing the permeability of vascular endothelium for facilitating extravasation and drug uptake into the treated tissue. Thereby, endothelial cells are the first target of the effects of ultrasound-driven microbubbles. In this review, the in vitro and in vivo bioeffects of this method on endothelial cells are described and discussed, including aspects on the permeabilization of biologic barriers (endothelial cell plasma membranes and endothelial barriers), the restoration of their integrity, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in both these processes, and the resulting intracellular and intercellular consequences. Finally, the influence of the acoustic settings, microbubble parameters, treatment schedules and flow parameters on these bioeffects are also reviewed.
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