Fast and Selective Ablation of Liver Tumors by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Using a Toroidal Transducer Guided by Ultrasound Imaging: The Results of Animal Experiments |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA;3. School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA;4. Center for Regenerative Medicine, VT College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA;1. Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego;2. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego;3. Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego;4. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego;5. Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego;6. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego;7. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Clinical Sites Research Program, Philips Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts;4. Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada;6. Physics and Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada;5. MR Therapy, Philips Healthcare, Vantaa, Finland;1. Mathematics in Interaction with Computer Science Laboratory, CentraleSupélec, Châtenay-Malabry, France;2. Theraclion, Malakoff, France;3. Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France;1. School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;2. School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;3. Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China |
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| Abstract: | This study demonstrated that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) produced with an intra-operative toroidal-shaped transducer causes fast, selective liver tumor ablations in an animal model. The HIFU device is composed of 256 emitters working at 3 MHz. A 7.5 MHz ultrasound imaging probe centered on the HIFU transducer guided treatment. VX2 tumor segments (25 mg) were implanted into the right lateral liver lobes of 45 New Zealand rabbits. The animals were evenly divided into groups 1 (toroidal HIFU ablation), 2 (surgical resection) and 3 (untreated control). Therapeutic responses were evaluated with gross pathology and histology 11 d post-treatment. Toroidal transducer-produced HIFU ablation (average ablation rate 10.5 cc/min) allowed fast and homogeneous tumor treatment. Sonograms showed all ablations. VX2 tumors were completely coagulated and surrounded by safety margins without surrounding-organ secondary HIFU lesions. HIFU group tumor volumes at autopsy (39 mm3) were significantly lower than control group volumes (2610 mm3, p < 0.0001). HIFU group tumor metastasis (27%) was lower than resected (33%) and control (67%) group metastasis. Ultrasound imaging, gross pathology and histology results supported these outcomes. HIFU procedures had no complications. Rabbit liver tumor ablation using a toroidal HIFU transducer under ultrasound imaging guidance might therefore be an effective intra-operative treatment for localized liver metastases. |
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