Effects of a projector-based hybrid virtual reality on pain in young children with burn injuries during hydrotherapy sessions: A within-subject randomized crossover trial |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal: 2375, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal (Quebec) H3T 1A8, Canada;2. CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center: 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal (Quebec) H3T 1C5, Canada;3. Department in Creation and New Media, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Campus Rouyn-Noranda: 445, boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda (Quebec) J9X 5E4, Canada;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington: 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA;5. Department of Surgery, CHU Sainte-Justine: 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal (Quebec) H3T 1C5, Canada;6. Emergency Department, Hôpital de Granby: 205 Boulevard Leclerc O, Granby (Quebec) J2G 1T7, Canada;7. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché, Gatineau (Quebec) J9A 1L8, Canada;8. School of Health Professions, Murdoch University: 90 South Street, Murdoch Western Australia 6150, Australia;1. Department of Surgery, University of Zambia, School of Medicine, P. O. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia;2. Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Private Bag 1X RW, Lusaka, Zambia;3. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States;4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zambia, School of Medicine, P. O. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia;5. Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital, Private Bag 1X RW, Lusaka, Zambia;1. Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;2. University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;3. Burns & Plastic Surgery Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK;4. Birmingham Children''s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK;1. University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building MB 532, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States;2. Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building MB 532, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States;1. Department of Physical Therapy, New Kasr El-Aini Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;2. Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;3. Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Xinmin Street, Street 71, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China;2. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Xinmin Street, Street 71, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China;3. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100000, China;4. Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Xinmin Street, Street 78, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China;1. Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt;2. Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt;3. Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of a water-friendly Projector-Based Hybrid Virtual Reality (VR) dome environment combined with standard pharmacological treatment on pain in young children undergoing burn wound care in hydrotherapy.MethodsThis study was a prospective, within-subject crossover trial of 38 children aged 6 months to 7 years old (mean age = 1.8 years old). Each hydrotherapy procedure was divided into two equivalent wound care segments (No hybrid VR during one segment vs. Hybrid VR during the other segment, treatment order was randomized). Pain was measured using the 0–10 FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability scale) and the 0–10 NRS-obs (Numerical Rating Scale-obs).ResultsProjector-Based Hybrid VR significantly reduced procedural pain levels measured by the FLACC (p = 0.026) and significantly increased patients' comfort levels (p = 0.002). Patients' pain levels rated by the nurses using the NRS-obs were non-significant between both groups (p = 0.135). No side effects were reported.ConclusionProjector-Based Hybrid VR helped in reducing the pain related to hydrotherapy procedures in young children with burn wound injuries. This is the first study using virtual reality distraction with young children, and our findings are especially important because a large percentage of pediatric burn patients are very young. Additional research and development are recommended.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02986464, registered on June 12, 2016. |
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