轻中度COPD患者自我管理行为现状及影响因素

目的 了解轻中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者自我管理行为现状,并结合个人与家庭自我管理理论（individual and family self-management theory,IFSMT）进行影响因素分析。方法 便利抽样法选取2021年9至12月某三甲医院呼吸内科门诊就诊的130例轻中度COPD患者为调查对象,采用一般基线资料调查问卷和COPD自我管理问卷对其进行调查。经单因素及多元线性回归分析轻中度COPD患者自我管理行为的影响因素。结果 130例轻中度COPD患者自我管理行为得分（107.29±18.64）分。经多元线性回归分析,结果显示,不同居住地,不同家庭月收入,过去1年因COPD住院次数及是否获得COPD信息是轻中度COPD患者自我管理行为的影响因素（P<0.05）,可解释的变异总量为40.1%。结论 轻中度COPD患者的自我管理行为不容乐观,居住在农村,家庭收入低,过去1年住院次数少以及没有获得COPD信息的患者是自我管理指导的重点人群。医护人员可以在IFSM理论指导下,结合影响患者的自我管理行为的影响因素制定个性化自我管理干预计划。

Status and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with mild to moderate COPD

Objective To explore the current status of self-management behaviors in patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors in combination with individual and family self-management theory, (IFSMT). Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 130 participants who attended the outpatient clinic of the Department of Respiratory Medicine in a first class hospital from September to December 2021, and the general baseline information questionnaire and the CSMC were used to investigate. The factors influencing the self-management behavior of mild to moderate COPD patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression. Results The self-management behavior scores of 130 participants (107.29±18.64). After multiple linear regression analysis, the results showed that different places of residence, different monthly household income, number of hospitalizations for COPD in the past year and access to COPD information were factors influencing self-management behaviors (p<0.05), with a total explainable variance of 40.1%. Conclusion The self-management behavior of patients with mild to moderate COPD is not optimistic, and patients who live in rural areas, have low household income, have few hospitalizations in the past year and do not have access to COPD information are the priority population for self-management guidance. Health care professionals can develop individualized self-management intervention plans under the guidance of IFSM theory, combined with the influencing factors that affect patients'' self-management behaviors.