Expression level of PD-L1 is involved in ALDH1A1-mediated poor prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi, Tianjin, 300060, China;2. National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi, Tianjin, 300060, China;3. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi, Tianjin, 300060, China;4. Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi, Tianjin, 300060, China;5. Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi, Tianjin, 300060, China;6. Affiliated Hospital of Anhui West Health Vocational College, Mozitan Road, Yuan, Luan, Anhui, 237000, China;1. Department of Surgical Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China;2. Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/Tumor Research Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China;1. Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China;2. Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China;1. Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, ULS Matosinhos, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Matosinhos, Portugal;2. Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal;3. I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal;4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal;1. Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;4. HeteroGenius Limited, Leeds, United Kingdom;5. Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression levels of ALDH1A1, PDL1, and PDL2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, and explore their clinical relevance in prognosis of patients with HNSCC.MethodsImmunohistochemistry of ALDH1A1 and PD-L1/PD-L2 in 85 primary HNSCC patients was carried out. The expression level of PD-L2 was assessed with the modified Moratin’s immune response scoring (IRS) system. tumor proportion score (TPS) was defined as the percentage of viable tumor cells showing partial or complete membrane staining at any intensity. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the associations between ALDH1A1 expression and clinicopathological features. The Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the correlation of ALDH1A1 expression with PD-L1/PD-L2 expression.Resultskaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression levels of ALDH1A1 and PD-L1/PD-L2 were inversely associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.001, 0.014, and 0.023, respectively). Moreover, expression levels of ALDH1A1 and PD-L1 were correlated with poor overall survival (OS; P = 0.002 and 0.039, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate logistics regression analyses demonstrated that expression level of ALDH1A1 was independently associated with shorter RFS (P = 0.013) and poorer OS (P = 0.014) in HNSCC patients, and the expression level of PD-L2 was only negatively associated with RFS (P = 0.041), rather than PD-L1. Spearman’s correlation analysis unveiled that expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 were positively correlated with ALDH1A1 expression in HNSCC patients (P = 0.000 and 0.015, respectively). Especially, the patients with expression levels of ALDH1A1 and PD-L1 had the worst prognosis.ConclusionsOur results indicated that ALDH1A1 is an independent prognostic factor in patients with HNSCC, and the expression level of PDL-1 may be involved in ALDH1A1-mediated poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. |
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| Keywords: | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1) Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) PD-L2 Prognosis |
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