长寿地区百岁老人生活方式和生物指标研究

目的 分析长寿地区百岁老人(百岁及以上年龄的老人)的膳食与行为生活方式和生物指标的特征.方法 选取7个长寿地区的所有百岁老人,并匹配选取其他年龄段老人进行横断面研究.通过问卷调查收集其基本信息、生活方式及患病信息,测量并记录其生理指标,测定血浆生化指标.结果 百岁老人膳食特征性别间的差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05),存行为方式特征上男性百岁老人吸烟率、饮酒率和饮茶率均高于女性(均有P＜0.05).与年轻老人相比,百岁老人食用蔬菜的比例偏低；与高龄老人相比,百岁老人食用奶类及制品和新鲜水果的比例较高.此外,与男性年轻老人相比,男性百岁老人吸烟的比例较低(P＜0.01),与女性年轻老人相比,女性百岁老人食用豆类及制品、肉类及制品、蛋类和鱼类的比例也较高.百岁老人食物多样性优于高龄老人(P＜0.001).百岁老人舒张压和甘油三酯水平较低,总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇、尿素氮水平较高.结论 经常摄入水果、奶类、豆类、肉类、蛋类和鱼类食物,坚持食物多样,具有较低的吸烟率、较低的舒张压和较优的血脂谱是百岁老人的重要特点.

Studv on lifestyle and biomarkers of centenarian in longevity areas in China

Objective To study the characteristics of diet, life style and plasma biomarker of centenarian in lon- gevity areas in China. Methods All centenarians in 7 longevity areas were included, and the oldest-old aged 80-99 and younger elderly aged 60-79 were recruited as matching groups to conduct a cross-sectional survey. Questionnaire was used to collect information including basic characteristic, dietary and behavior life style in addition to the prevalence of the major several chronic diseases. Fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, high-density lipoprotein cho- lesterol （HDL-C） , plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined. Results There was no sex difference in dietary characteristic （P〉0. 05 ） , while the percentages of smoking, drinking and tea consumption were higher in male than in female（ P〈0. 05 ）. Compared with younger elderly, centenarian has a lower percentage of vegetable intake. Compared with oldest-old group, centenarian has a higher percentage of diary and its products intake, and fruit intake. In addition, percentage of smoking was lower in male centenarian when compared with male elderly people in other groups, and percentages of meat and its products, soy and its products and fish intake were higher in female centenarian than that in female elderly people in other groups. Results also showed that the centenarians group had a better food intake diversity compared with the oldest-old group. Centenarian had lower level of diastolic blood pressure and TG, and higher level of TC, HDL-C, creatinine and urea nitrogen. Conclusions Consuming fruit, diary, soy, meat, egg and fish frequent, lower smoking percentage, diastolic blood pressure and healthy blood lipid profile were important characteristics of centenarian.