雅安市15岁以上人群乙型病毒性肝炎表面抗体水平调查

目的 了解雅安市15岁以上人群乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)免疫抗体水平,探讨防控乙肝策略与措施.方法 采取整群抽样法,采集15岁以上中学生、大学生、工人、从业人员人群血清4 693份,应用ELISA初筛检测乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs),阴性者再用固相放射免疫法(RIA)复检抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 初筛和复检乙肝抗-HBs阳性率分别为41.62％、54.55％,初筛低于2006年全国和四川省水平,复检则高于2006年全国和四川省水平；男女乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义；初筛和复检后阳性率均以从业人员最高,分别达57.32％和67.94％,中学生最低,初筛和复检后仅为33.57％和49.07％,4类人群(中学生、大学生、工人、从业人员)乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义；乙肝抗-HBs阳性率在25～岁组和50～岁组有两个高峰,各年龄组乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义；复检后与初筛比较,乙肝抗-HBs抗体阳性率提高近13个百分点.结论 建议今后在做好儿童乙肝疫苗接种同时,应考虑将乙肝防控重点向15岁以上群体倾斜；ELISA检测乙肝抗-HBs敏感性明显低于RIA,需在今后工作中区别应用.

An investigation on the status of Hepatitis B virus surface antibody among residents above 15 years old in Ya'an City

Objective To know the status of Hepatitis B virus surface antibody（HBsAb） among residents above 15 years old in Ya＇an City,and to discuss policies and methods used for the control and prevention of Hepatitis B.Methods 4 693 serum samples were collected by the means of cluster sampling from the residents above 15 years old,who came from middle school students,college students,workers,and employed persons.HBsAb in the serum were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） first as preliminary screening,and then the positive ones were rechecked by radioimmunoassay（RIA）.The outputs were calculated and analyzed.Results The positive rate of HBsAb tested by ELISA was 41.62%,which was lower than the national and provincial level,while rechecking result showed the positive rate was 54.55%,which was higher than the national and provincial level.There was no significant difference between male and female residents in the HBsAb rates,but the HBsAb rates among various occupations and age groups showed significant distinctions.The HBsAb rates tested by ELISA and RIA in the employed persons were the highest comparing to other careers,which were as high as 57.32% and 67.94% respectively,while those in the middle school students were lowest,as high as 33.57% and 49.07% respectively.Moreover,there were two peaks respectively in the age groups aged among 25-and 50-.Furthermore,HBsAb rate tested by RIA was higher than that tested by ELISA by almost 13 percent.Conclusions We suggest that the residents above 15 years old especially the middle school students and college students,should be given more attention in the control and prevention of Hepatitis B.It was also implied that RIA was more sensitive than ELISA in testing HBsAb,and the two methods should be cautiously applied in the future work.