不同分子亚型乳腺癌的临床特征和预后

目的 分析Basal-like型、HER-2型和Luminal型乳腺癌患者的临床特征和预后,为乳腺癌的个体化治疗提供依据.方法 根据患者雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)的免疫组化结果,将1280例可手术乳腺癌患者分为Basal-like型、HER-2型和Luminal型3组,回顾性分析不同亚型乳腺癌的临床特征、复发转移及生存情况.结果 1280例乳腺癌患者中,Basal-like型、HER-2型和Luminal型乳腺癌分别占20.9%、23.2%和55.9%.Basal-like型乳腺癌年轻患者所占比例较大,<35岁者占13.4%;有乳腺癌家族史者所占比例较高,为7.1%.HER-2型乳腺癌确诊时肿块较大者所占比例较多,>5 cm者占l5.5%;淋巴结阳性者较多,占54.2%;病理分期较晚,Ⅲ期者达34.3%.Luminal型乳腺癌患者年龄偏大,≥35岁者占91.7%;确诊时病理分期较早,Ⅰ期者占20.4%.中位随访46个月时,Basal-like型、HER-2型和Luminal型乳腺癌患者的复发转移率分别为25.0%、27.9%和11.7%,Basal-like型和HER-2型乳腺癌患者的复发转移率显著高于Luminal型患者(P<0.001),Basal-1ike型与HER-2型乳腺癌患者的复发转移率差异无统计学意义,但Basal-like型乳腺癌患者肺转移发生率(13.4%)较高(P=0.017).Basal-1ike型、HER-2型和Luminal型乳腺癌患者的5年无病生存率(DFS)分别为72.2%、68.2%和86.2%(P<0.001),5年总生存率分别为88.6%、83.8%和95.8%(P<0.001).对全部1280例乳腺癌患者的多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结状况、激素受体状况、HER-2状况是乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素,患者的年龄仅是DFS的影响因素.分别对Basal-like型、HER-2型和Luminal型乳腺癌患者的多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小和淋巴结状况是影响各亚型乳腺癌患者预后的2个独立预后因素,年龄和内分泌治疗仅对HER-2型乳腺癌患者的DFS存在不良影响,HER-2状况依然是Luminal型乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 不同亚型乳腺癌具有特定的临床特征,肿瘤的复发模式和患者的生存情况亦因肿瘤亚型不同而存在差.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of different subtypes of breast cancer

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different subtypes of breast cancer: basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types, and try to find the evidence of individualized treatment for the patients. Methods 1280 histologically and immunohistochemically proven patients with resectable breast cancer were treated, and the clinical data including characteristics, relapse and survival of the patients with different subtypes of breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the1280 breast cancer patients, basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types accounted for 20.9%, 23.2% and 55.9%, respectively. Basaloid type was more likely to be found in younger patients frequently with a family history of breast cancer. HER-2 type usually had a tumor of larger size with more advanced stage disease and more metastatic lymph nodes. Luminal type was likely to occur in aged patients with an earlier stage disease. The recurrence rates in basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types were 25.0%, 27.9% and 11.7%, respectively. Patients with basaloid or HER-2 type were found to have a significantly higher recurrence rate than the patients with luminal type breast cancer (P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the basaloid and HER-2 types. However, patients with basaloid type breast cancer were more likely to develop lung metastasis than HER-2 type (13.4% vs. 7.1%, P=0.017). Up to December 2006, the 5-yeardisease-free survival (DFS) rates for patients with basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types were 72.2%, 68.2%and 86.2% (P<0.001), respectively. The overall 5-yr survival (OS) rates of the three groups were88.6%, 83.8% and 95.8% (P<0.001), respectively. Of the patients with luminal type breast cancer, HER2-negative patients had a higher DFS (86.2% vs 57.0%, P<0.001) and OS (95.8% vs 87.7%, P=0.0001) compared with those with HER2-positive. The results of Multivariate Cox Regression showed that tumor size and lymph node state were the most important factors influencing the prognosis. Conclusion Each sub type of breast cancer has somewhat its own specific clinical features in terms of recurrence pattern and prognosis, therefore, individualized treatment regimen may be required.