二磷酸腺苷介导血小板聚集率指导老年择期冠状动脉介入治疗患者术后抗血小板药物使用

目的 评价以二磷酸腺苷(ADP)介导血小板聚集率指导抗血小板药物在老年择期经皮冠状动脉介人治疗(PCI)患者中使用对心血管事件的影响.方法 选取我院2007-2008年老年择期西罗莫司涂层支架植入患者1230例,年龄60～80岁,平均(67.2±10.2)岁,随机选取615例入ADP组,首剂300 mg负荷量后,根据血小板聚集率调整氯吡格雷使用量,分别于用药前、用药第2天、第3天测定ADP介导的血小板聚集率,达标后(聚集率较用药前降低50%)75 mg/d.若未达标,第2、3天可逐次增加300 mg,累计至900 mg;若仍未达标,则改用氯吡格雷75 mg/d联合西洛他唑100 mg/d、阿司匹林100 mg/d三重抗血小板药物治疗持续1年.其余615例入常规组,以常规剂量和方法使用氯吡格雷(首剂300 mg负荷量后,继之以75 mg/d口服持续1年).分别于用药前、用药第3天测定ADP介导的血小板聚集率;两组患者均持续口服氯吡格雷1年.所有患者均在给药前、后进行安全性实验室检查.随访1年,记录心血管事件(心原性死亡、心肌梗死、血运重建、支架血栓事件)和药物不良事件发生率.结果 1230例患者首剂负荷量300 mg后.达标率44.9%ADP组累计总量至900 mg时,ADP组达标率增至67.5%,约32.5%的患者(203/615)仍未达标;改用氯吡格雷、西洛他唑、阿司匹林三重抗血小板药物治疗.相对于常规负荷剂量氯吡格雷,高负荷剂量氯吡格雷有更好的抑制血小板聚集的效果(常规负荷剂量对高负荷剂量,45%对67.5%,P=0.028).平均随访(10.0±2.4)个月,两组心血管事件发生率差异有统计学意义(2.8%对4.9%,P=0.035),常规组急性和亚急性支架血栓事件多于ADP组(4例对1例).所有患者均未出现大出血,两组间轻微出血病例差异无统计学意义,无药物不良反应.结论 PCI术后患者应该检测血小板对氯吡格雷的反应效果;ADP介导的血小板聚集率指导老年择期PCI患者围术期抗血小板药物使用安全、有效,可明显降低1年的心血管事件发生率.

Evaluation of effects of different regimen of antiplatelet drugs on major adverse cardiac events in direction of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation index in old patients undergoing selected percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To evaluate the effect of different regimens of antiplatelet drugs on the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in elderly patients undergoing selected percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in direction of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -induced platelet aggregation index. Methods The 1230 cases aged 60-80 years, mean (67. 2±10. 2) years undergoing selected PCI with the drug eluting stent were enrolled. The 615 cases of the ADP guided group according to the ADP-induced platelet aggregation index. After the first loading dose of clopidogrel (300 mg) , once the decrease of ADP-induced platelet aggregation index was more than 50% as compared with the basic level, the dose of 75 mg each day would be maintained for one year. If the decrease of the index was less than 50%. the another 300 mg of clopidogrel would be given again, until up to 900 mg on the 3th day. If the decrease of the index was still not enough, the combination of clopidogrel 75 mg, cilostazol 100 mg and aspirin 100 mg each day would be suggested. The rest 615 patients in the routine dosage group took the routine dose of clopidogrel (the first loading dosage 300 mg was taken, then 75 mg each day for one year ) . The MACEs, including cardiac death, myocardium infarction, revascularization and stent thrombosis, were observed for 12 months. Results After the first 300 mg of clopidogrel, only 45% of patients reached the standards. Until reaching 900 mg, 67.5% of patients in the ADP guided group were eligible. The tailored clopidogrel loading dose in the ADP guided group yielded a better effect on the inhibition of platelet aggregation (the routine dose vs. the tailored loading dose: 45% vs. 67. 5% , P=0. 028). After one year follow up, the MACEs were less in ADP guided group than in routine dosage group (2. 8% vs. 4. 9% , P = 0. 035). All of patients had no major bleeding, and the minor bleeding and other drug adverse events in two groups had no significant differences. Conclusions The patients undergoing selected PCI should receive ADP -induced platelet aggregation test in order to assess the inhibition effect of clopidogrel on the platelet aggregation. It is safe and effective to modify the antiplatelet drugs regimen during the peri-PCI procedure in direction of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.