国境口岸媒介生物携带病原体的研究

〔目的〕研究国境口岸媒介生物携带病原体的情况,为媒介生物防治及疫情控制措施的制定提供基础数据。〔方法〕利用分子生物学技术对鼠类携带的汉坦病毒（流行性出血热病毒）和莫氏立克次体（斑疹伤寒立克次体）进行检测,对蚊类携带的流行性乙型脑炎病毒和西尼罗病毒进行检测,对蜱类携带的莱姆病螺旋体进行检测;利用细菌培养技术对蝇类、蜚蠊携带的致病菌进行检测;利用寄生虫学技术对蝇类、蜚蠊携带的寄生虫虫卵进行检测。〔结果〕2005年10月—2009年2月,共检测媒介生物样品3388份（输入性2023份、本底1365份）,检出阳性样品95份,阳性率2.8%。输入性媒介生物主要检测结果如下：2005年9月27日,国境口岸首次从输入性蝇类（大头金蝇,柬埔寨籍船舶“凯越”号上捕获）中检测到寄生虫虫卵（肝吸虫卵和蛔虫卵）;2006年4月24日,国境口岸首次从输入性蜚蠊（德国小蠊,某外轮上捕获）中培养出肺炎克雷伯菌;2009年2月27日,国境口岸首次从输入性鼠类（褐家鼠,柬埔寨籍船舶“诺斯”号上捕获）中检测到莫氏立克次体（斑疹伤寒立克次体）。本底媒介生物主要检测结果如下：2006年8月24日,从三带喙库蚊等蚊虫（辽宁营口港捕获）中检测到流行性乙型脑炎病毒;2006年8月,从长角血蜱（辽宁大连开发区捕获）中检测到莱姆病螺旋体;2008年10月15日,从褐家鼠（辽宁大连湾港捕获）中检测到汉城型流行性出血热病毒。〔结论〕媒介生物是国境口岸传染病的重要传播载体,应加强监测和控制。

Study on Pathogens Carried by Vectors at Frontier Ports

Objective To understand the current situation of pathogens carried by vectors at frontier ports and provide the basic information for prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Method A total of five kinds of pathogens （Hantavirus, Rickettsia mooseri, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Borrelia burgdorferi） in mice, mosquitoes and ticks were detected by using molecular biology technology. In addition, two kinds of pathogens （pathogenic bacteria, parasite eggs） carried by flies and cockroaches were also detected by using bacteria cultivation technique and saturated saline flotation method. Result A total of 3 388 vectors samples （2 023 imported vectors, 1 365 background vectors） from Oct, 2005 to Feb, 2009 were tested, there were 95 positive samples （the positive rate of 2.8%）. The main results of imported samples were described as follows： It was first time to find parasite eggs （Clonorchis sinensis and Ascaris lumbricoides egg） from imported flies （Chrysomya megacephala, captured in kampuchean ship ＂KAIYUE＂） on Sep 27, 2005. Kleabsiella peneumoniae has been cultured for the first time from imported cockroaches （Blattella gerrnanica, captured in a foreign ship） on Apr 24, 2006. While, Rickettsia mooseri was detected firstly from imported mice （Rattus norvegicus, captured in kampuchean ship ＂NORTH＂） on Feb 27, 2009. The main results about the background vectors were described as follows. Japanese encephalitis virus was detected from mosquitoes such as Culex tritaeniorhynchus （captured at Yingkou port, Yingkou, China） on Aug 24, 2006. Borrelia burgdorferi was detected from Haemaphysalis longieornis （captured at Dalian Development Zone, Dalian, China） on Aug, 2006. Seoul virus was detected from Rattus norvegicus （captured at Dalian Bay port, Dalian, China） on Oct 15, 2008. Conclusion As an important infectious disease propagate carrier at frontier port, vectors should be monitored and treated more effectively.