吉林省农安县乡镇饮水型氟中毒改水降氟效果动态分析

目的掌握农安县饮水型氟中毒病区改水后水、尿氟含量的变化及儿童氟斑牙的流行趋势,评估饮水型氟中毒防治效果。方法于2009-2011年每年4、8月,采用离子选择电极法,对华家乡松柏村和万顺乡光辉村两个监测点水氟和8～12岁儿童尿氟含量进行测定;用Dean’s法对8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查;与2008年常规监测结果比较。结果华家乡松柏村水氟含量由改水前的13.00 mg/L降至1.03 mg/L,氟斑牙患病率由98.18%降至71.82%;万顺乡光辉村水氟含量由改水前的9.08 mg/L降至1.01 mg/L,氟斑牙患病率由50.12%降至42.93%。随着改水时间的延长,水、尿氟含量呈逐年下降的趋势,尿氟含量与氟斑牙患病率之间相关系数显著性检验r=0.867,P〈0.05,二者呈显著正相关关系,有统计学意义。结论改水降氟能够有效控制饮水型氟中毒的流行。

Effect of water improvement to reduce fluoride in drinking-water type fluorosis area in Nongan county

Objective To master the changes of fluoride contents in water and urine,and the epidemic trend of dental fluorosis of children in drinking-water type fluorosis area after water improvement to reduce fluoride in Nongan county of Jilin province,to evaluate the preventive effect of fluorosis.Methods The fluorides contents in water and urine of the children aged 8-12 were determined by two times each year in April and September 2009-2011 in the two surveillance sites of Huajia and Wanshun.The method of fluoride-ion selective electrode was adopted to determine the fluorine and Dean＇s method for the dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12.Results The fluoride contents in water decreased from 13.00 mg/L to 1.03 mg/L in Huajia county after improved water,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 81.38% to 71.82%;The fluoride contents in water decreased from 9.08 mg/L to 1.01 mg/L in Wanshun county after improving water,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 50.12% to 42.93%.Fluoride contents in water and urine showed a downward trend in year-on-year,there was significant positive correlation between the contents of fluoride in urine and the dental fluorosis,the correlation coefficient of significance testing（r） was 0.867,P0.05.Conclusion Improving water to reduce fluoride can control the prevalence of the drinking-water type endemic fluorosis effectively.