Baclofen-loaded microspheres in gel suspensions for intrathecal drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Inserm U 646, Angers, France;2. Ethypharm S.A., Saint Cloud, France;3. UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France;4. Département de Neurochirurgie, Centre universitaire hospitalier d''Angers, Angers, France;1. Department of Surgery, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68131, USA;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha 68131, USA;1. Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China;2. The Orthopedics Department of Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China;3. The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Changchun 130021, PR China;1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt;2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Severe spasticity is a very disabling disorder treated by continuous baclofen intrathecal infusion which unfortunately remains an expensive and uncomfortable treatment. In order to address these issues, new sustained release formulations designed for intrathecal baclofen delivery were sought with the aim of minimising the burst effect of baclofen which can lead to toxicity.Baclofen was encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres which were then dispersed in chitosan thermosensitive gels, Pluronic® PF-127 gels, carboxymethylcellulose solutions or Ringer lactate solution. The release rate was assessed in vitro using continuous flow cells and in vivo after intrathecal injection in goats: baclofen was quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and the associated pharmacological effect was evaluated. The results showed that the burst effect was reduced by at least a factor of 2 in vitro, after microsphere dispersion in viscous media. In vivo, PF-127 gel was found to be the best vehicle to reduce the burst effect by a factor of 10 in CSF, and by a factor of 2 in plasma. The toxic effect of baclofen due to the burst effect was reduced by the dispersion in PF127 gels. Therapeutic levels of baclofen in CSF were maintained during at least 1 month. |
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