政策工具视角下我国基本公共卫生服务均等化政策研究

目的：通过对基本公共卫生服务均等化政策的量化分析，全面了解其总体特征、政策工具组合运用情况，为促进我国基本公共卫生服务均等化政策完善提供建议。方法：以2009—2022年中央政府发布的促进基本公共卫生服务均等化的政策为研究对象，构建“政策工具(X维度)—利益相关方(Y维度)—政策过程(Z维度)”三维政策分析框架，开展政策内容分析。结果：供给型政策工具比例合理、政策重点立足于政府部门和政策执行阶段；主要运用公共卫生项目推进，重视基层医疗机构能力提升，并给予资金、人才支持。但存在总体结构失调、利益主体政策格局失衡和政策阶段关注不均等问题。建议：优化政策工具内部结构、对利益相关方投入多元化政策关注及合理布局政策阶段。

Policy research on equalization of basic public health services from the perspective of policy tools

Objective: Quantitative analysis of policies on equalization of basic public health services was used, to comprehensive understanding of characteristics and the use of combinations of policy tools, and to provide recommendations for promoting equalization of basic public health services in China. Methods: The research object was policies on equalization of basic public health services by the central government from 2009 to 2022, and a three-dimensional policy analysis framework of “Policy tools(dimension X)-Stakeholders(dimension Y)-Policy process(dimension Z)” was constructed to carry out the content analysis of policies. Results: The proportion of supply-oriented policy tools was reasonable, and policy focus on government departments and policy implementation stage; Public health programs have been mainly used, and capacity enhancement of primary health care institutions has been valued and given financial and human resources support. However, there were structural dysfunction, imbalance in policy patterns of interest subjects, and uneven attention at policy stages. Suggestions: Promote the optimization of internal structure of policy tools, diversify policy attention to stakeholders, and rationalize distribute policy phases.