生命早期卫生健康政策内容研究——基于北京市政策文本分析

目的：以北京市为例，探讨以孕产妇、婴幼儿为主体的生命早期卫生健康政策，为政策制定和优化提供依据。方法：运用内容分析法，将149条政策文本分为政策目标和政策工具两大维度，通过人工编码，对结果进行描述性统计、交叉分析和趋势分析。结果：在政策目标维度中，提升妇幼卫生服务水平占比最多(61.7%)，提升科研水平占比最少(8.1%)。在政策工具的四个维度中，强制性、自发性、能力建设性、激励性工具分别占比90%、55%、48%和42%。在趋势分析中，政策体系完整度不断加强，婴幼儿照护比例提高。交叉分析与趋势分析均显示出相关政策对强制性和激励性工具的高强度使用；自发性工具与能力建设性工具使用率占比偏少，且使用率随时间推移呈下降趋势。结论：提升妇幼卫生服务水平是政策目标的核心关照，但对家庭、婴幼儿照护和科研建设的关注相对较少。在工具层面，强制性工具普遍应用；激励性工具和自发性工具多用于福祉关怀和软性引导；能力建设性工具使用不足。建议：应进一步完善政策体系，既要有的放矢也要补齐短板，加大对家庭系统的资源支持、更多关注生命早期弱势群体、强化妇幼健康科研实力。

Research on the health policy of early life: Based on analysis of policy texts of Beijing city

Objective: This paper mainly discusses the health policy of early life of pregnant women and infants in Beijing as an example, and to provide the basis for policy formulation and optimization. Methods: By using the content analysis method, 149 policy texts are divided into two dimensions: policy objectives and policy instruments. The results are described by manual coding, cross analysis and trend analysis. Results: In regard to Policy Objectives, improvement of maternal and child health service levels accounts for the biggest proportion (61.7%), whereas improvement of research level accounts for the least (8.1%). In the four dimensions of policy instruments, mandatory, spontaneous, capacity-building, and incentive tools account for 90%, 55%, 48% and 42% respectively. According to the trend analysis, integrity of policy system has been continuously improved and the proportion of infant and child care has also increased. Both cross-analysis and trend analysis have showed the strong use of coercive and incentive tools by relevant policies; The use of spontaneous and capacity-building tools is low and decreases over time. Conclusion: Improving the level of maternal and child health services is the core concern of Beijing''s early life health policy. However, relatively little attention is paid to the family, infant and child care, and scientific research construction. As for Policy Instruments, mandatory tools are widely used; Incentive Tools and Spontaneous Tools are mainly applied in well-being and soft guidance; insufficient use of Capacity-building Tools. Suggestions: In the future, the policy system should be further improved, which should be targeted and deficiency-mending. It is suggested that more resources should be increased for the family system, more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups early in life, and more financial support should be applied to scientific research on maternal and child health.