金银花胡萝卜微管蚜发生规律及防治适期研究

目的 明确金银花胡萝卜微管蚜越冬卵和春季发生蚜型的形态特征和发生规律。方法 2022年2月，在田间观察胡萝卜微管蚜越冬卵分布部位，采集虫卵及各蚜型成虫，室内镜检并描述其形态特征；2022年3—6月，在金银花田按五点取样法选取植株，定期调查各蚜型数量，采用最优分割法划分胡萝卜微管蚜种群动态并分析其与金银花物候的关系。结果 胡萝卜微管蚜虫卵主要分布在金银花植株的芽鳞、树杈和树皮缝等部位。胡萝卜微管蚜春季在金银花上依次发生干母、无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜3个蚜型，其中干母主要发生于3月9日至4月7日，高峰虫量为29.4只/梢；无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜在3月28日至5月27日混合发生，分别于4月19日和5月13日到达高峰，峰值分别为75.5只/梢和105.6只/梢。胡萝卜微管蚜种群动态与金银花物候特征密切相关，在金银花萌芽展叶期，蚜虫种群处于初建期和缓慢增长期，种群数量低，最高虫量为29.4只/梢；金银花抽梢期，蚜虫种群处于快速增长期，数量迅速上升；金银花花蕾期，蚜虫种群处于高峰期，数量达到高峰值，为370.5只/梢；在金银花开花期，蚜虫种群处于衰退期，数量迅速下降，至6月初基本消失。结论 金银花越冬期是防控胡萝卜微管蚜虫卵的关键期，萌芽展叶期是防控该蚜虫春季种群爆发的关键期。

Regularity of Occurrence and Optimum Period of Control of Semiaphis heraclei on Lonicera japonica

Objectives The morphological characteristics and regularity of occurrence of the overwintering eggs and spring aphid types of Semiaphis heraclei on Lonicera japonica were clarified.Methods In February, 2022, the overwintering egg distribution of S. heraclei was observed in the field, and the eggs and adults of each aphid type were collected and observed under a microscope indoors. From March to June 2022, L. japonica plants were selected according to the five-point sampling to investigate the amount of each aphid type. The population dynamics of S. heraclei were segmented by using the optimal segmentation method, and its relationship with the phenology of L. japonica was analyzed.Results The eggs of S. heraclei were mainly distributed in the bud scales, forks, and bark seams of L. japonica plants. In spring, the fundatrix, wingless, and winged parthenogenetic aphids on L. japonica appeared sequentially. Fundatrix mainly occurred from March 9 to April 7, with a peak population of 29.4 aphids per shoot. The wingless and winged parthenogenetic aphids occurred together from March 28 to May 27 and reached their peaks on April 19 and May 13, with peaks of 75.5 and 105.6 aphids per shoot, respectively. The population dynamics of S. heraclei were closely related to the phenological characteristics of L. japonica. During the germination and frondescence of L. japonica, the aphid population was in the initial and slow growth periods, and the population number was low. The maximum aphid amount was 29.4 aphids per shoot. The aphid population began to increase rapidly at the shoot growth period of L. japonica and reached the peak of 370.5 aphids per shoot at the flower bud period. It began to decline rapidly at the anthesis period of L. japonica and disappeared in early June.Conclusion The overwintering period of L. japonica is the critical period to prevent and control eggs of S. heraclei. Germination and frondescence periods are critical periods for controlling the outbreak of aphid population in spring.