G-蛋白偶联受体的功能测定和高通量药物筛选

G 蛋白偶联受体家族是药物开发中最大的一类药物靶点 ,高通量药物筛选是开发药物早期阶段的最重要工具之一。根据G 蛋白偶联受体与配体结合及激发的信号通路 ,人们设计了各种可行的功能测试方法 ,用于G 蛋白偶联受体为药靶的高通量药物筛选 ,如 :微体积荧光数字图像测定技术 (Fluorometicmicrovolumeassaytechnology ,FMAT)、荧光偏振 (Fluoresencepolarization ,FP)、竞争性ELISA (Com petitiveenzyme linkedimmunosorbent)、闪烁邻近测定法(Scintillation proximityassay ,SPA)、载黑色素细胞测定法(Melanophoreassay)、报告基因测定法 (Reportergeneassay)和钙离子测定法等测定方法。在这些方法中 ,报告基因测定法和钙离子测定法占了主导地位。非放射性、无需底物和辅助剂的报告基因测定方法和荧光钙离子指示剂的钙离子测定方法可能是将来G 蛋白偶联受体的功能分析和高通量药物筛选的发展方向

Functional assay and high throughput screening for G-protein coupled receptors

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family is the large st group of therapeutic targets. High throughput screening (HTS) plays critical ro les in early stage of drug discovery. Based on signaling pathway stimulated by l igand binding on the GPCRs, many functional assay technologies have been develop ed for HTS. These technologies include Fluorometric microvolume assay technology (FMAT), Fluorescence polarization (FP), Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorben t assay (ELISA), Scintillation proximity assay (SPA), Melanophore assay, Reporte r gene assay and Calcium assay. The principles and applic- ations of these technologies were summarized in this review. We particularly emphasize those techniques of nonradioactive, su bstrate and cofactor free assays, which will be the major approaches for HTS, su ch as reporter gene and calcium assays.