髋关节假体材料的分类及应用进展

关节假体材料的选择关系着人工关节置换的成败,目前临床中使用的髋关节假体材料主要有金属、陶瓷、高分子复合材料及碳质材料等,虽在生物相容性、弹性模量、力学性能、使用期限等方面都有不同程度的进步,但与理想人工关节设计标准仍有较大差距。本文主要从髋关节假体材料的分类出发,对比分析各类髋关节假体材料优缺点,旨在为临床合理选择髋关节假体和提高材料性能提供参考。并认为高分子复合材料虽在耐磨性方面尚有不足,在生物相容性、力学性能、耐腐蚀性、价格等综合方面比其他材料更具优越性。目前对该材料研究也主要在耐磨性、关节面磨屑问题、强度等方面,发展迅速,性能提升快,具有广阔的发展前景。

Progress on classification and application of artificial hip joint materials

The selection of the prosthetic material determine the success or failure of hip arthroplasty. Currently, the metals, ceramics, polymer composites and carbon materials are the main prosthetic materials of artificial hip joint. They have some progresses in biocompatibility, elastic modulus, mechanical properties, useful life, but they still can't reach the ideal standard of design. In this essay, we mainly review the characteristics and applications of the current artificial hip joint materials through its classification in order to provide a reference for choosing appropriate hip joint materials in clinic and increasing characteristic of materials. We consider the polymer composites has more advantages such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and price, even if it has shortages in abrasion resistance. As the researches of polymer composites are main focus on abrasion resistance, articular surface and strength, and its performances are increased fast, it has a wide prospect in future.