高危儿2岁时语言发育迟缓情况临床分析

目的 探讨高危儿2岁时语言发育迟缓情况,为早期诊断、早期干预,改善其预后提供科学依据。方法 选择2014年6月-2015年7月在上海长海医院儿科住院治疗并随访至24月龄的64例高危儿为研究对象,以同期在儿保门诊体检的52例正常小儿为对照组,采用0~6岁儿童发育筛查测验(DST)分别在高危儿12、18、24月龄时和对照组24月龄时进行发育筛查评估。结果 高危儿在24月龄时语言发育迟缓的检出率约34.4%,对照组为8.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中足月小样儿检出率63%最高,其次为早产儿40%,男女比例为3.4∶1。12月龄时高危儿运动发育落后和语言发育落后的检出率相差异无统计学意义(P=0.191),但18、24月龄时两者间检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 高危儿仍然是语言发育迟缓的高危人群,不同高危因素所致语言发育迟缓检出率不同。对高危儿需定期随访、监测和筛查语言发育,争取早发现、早干预,改善预后。

Clinical analysis of language development retardation in high-risk children at age of 2 years old

Objective To investigate the language retardation of high-risk infants at the age of 2 years,in order to provide scientific basis for early diagnosis,early intervention and improvement of prognosis. Methods A total of 64 high-risk infants were selected as participants,who received treatment and were followed up to 24 months old in Department of Pediatric in Shanghai Changhai Hospital from June 2014 to July 2015. And 52 healthy children who took physical examination in Department of Health Care were selected as control group. Developmental abilities of children were assessed by Developmental Screening Test(DST) at the age of 12 months,18months and 24 months old in high-risk infants and at the age of 24 months old in healthy children. Results The detection rate of language retardation was about 34.4% in high-risk infants at the age of 24 months old,significantly higher than that in control group(8.0%)(P＜0.05). The detection rate of full-term small-like infants was 63%,followed by 40% of the premature infants,and the ratio of male to female was 3.4∶1. No significant difference was found on the detection of dyskinesia and language retardation in high risk infants at the age of 12 months(P=0.191),and there was significant difference at the age of 18 and 24 months(P<0.05). Conclusions High-risk infants are still at high risk of language retardation,and the detection rate of language retardation caused by different factors is significantly different. Regular follow-up,monitoring and screening of language development are required for the early detection,early intervention in high-risk infants to improve the prognosis.