儿童孤独症谱系障碍人口统计学特征及相关危险因素分析

目的分析孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的人口统计学特征及相关危险因素,为ASD的防治提供科学依据。方法2016年4月-2017年9月采用1∶1病例对照研究,回顾性调查94名ASD患儿和94名正常儿童的人口统计学特征和相关危险因素,并对ASD相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果ASD组患儿男女比例为5.7∶1,与对照组相比,ASD组患儿在出生时有无缺氧窒息、父母生育年龄、母亲职业、父母文化程度、家庭经济收入、母亲身体健康状况等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示母亲从事体力劳动(OR=0.123,P=0.001)及家庭月收入高(OR=0.065,P=0.015)可能是儿童ASD的保护因素,父亲生育年龄≥30岁(OR=3.610,P=0.002)可能是ASD的危险因素。结论避免高龄生育,孕期母亲适当进行户外运动有利于预防ASD的发生。

Demographic characteristics and related risk factors of children with autism spectrum disorder

Objective To analyze the demographic characteristics and related risk factors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of ASD. Methods A retrospective investigation with 1∶1 case-control study was conducted to investigate demographic data and related factors in 94 cases of ASD children and normal children from April 2016 to September 2017. The differences concerning health influencing factors between the two groups were compared and Logistic regression analysis was used to related factors. Results Boys were affected more frequently than girls with the ratio of 5.7∶1. There were significant differences on suffering hypoxia at birth,education level of their parents,mothers' occupations,child-bearing ages,health conditions and family income between the two groups(P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother engaged in manual work(OR=0.123,P=0.001)and higher family income(OR=0.065,P=0.015)may be the protective factors of ASD,while father older than 30 years old(OR=3.610,P=0.002)may be a risk factor of ASD. Conclusions Avoiding old age for fertility and taking exercise outside are helpful to prevent the development of ASD.