青岛市城区学龄前儿童体格发育及肥胖发生变化分析

目的 了解青岛市城区学龄前儿童近十二年体格发育及肥胖构成变化情况,为学龄前儿童健康管理提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取城区13所幼儿园,于2018年3-4月测量评价在园儿童身高、体重与营养状况,统计超重、肥胖检出率,与2006同质人群肥胖流调数据比较分析。结果 与2006年相比,2018年青岛市城区学龄前儿童总体身高变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),体重下降(P<0.001,3岁～组除外);2018年青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖检出率(7.5%)、超重检出率(15.9%)、生长迟缓检出率(0.2%)均低于2006年(P<0.05)。结论 青岛市2018年学龄前儿童在身高发育正常的前提下,肥胖、超重检出率较2006年呈下降趋势,佐证始于生命早期,基于社区、幼儿园及家庭的、持续开展的儿童综合肥胖防控措施行之有效。

Trend analysis of physical development and obesity among preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao

Objective To investigate the changes of physical development and obesity of preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao over the past 12 years,in order to provide evidence for the health management of preschool children. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 13 kindergartens in Qingdao urban area. The height,weight and nutritional status of children was measured and evaluated in the late March to late April of 2018, the overweight and obesity detection rates were calculated. Data on obesity were compared between 2018 and 2006. Results Compared with 2006,there was no significant difference on the overall height of preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao in 2018(P>0.05),and the body weight decreased except 3-year-old group(P<0.001). In 2018,the detection rates of obesity(7.5%),overweight(15.9%) and growth retardation(0.2%) in preschool children in Qingdao were all significantly lower than those in 2006(P <0.05). Conclusion Under the premise of normal height development in 2018 in Qingdao,the detection rates of obesity and overweight are lower than that in 2006,which proves that the measures from early life,based on community kindergartens and families,and the ongoing prevention and control strategy for comprehensive obesity in children are effective.