中国三省中学生健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的全面了解我国中学生健康素养的现状及存在的问题,为今后的健康教育工作提出重点及方向。方法2015年1月-2017年2月采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取广东省、吉林省、河北省三省22所中学5 000名初中一、二年级,高中一、二年级学生,分别使用《初中生健康素养评价工具》和《高中生健康素养评价工具》进行健康素养调查,调查内容包括基本情况、健康知识、健康理念、健康技能和健康行为5个部分。结果三省中学生健康素养平均得分为(69.67±10.04)分,具备基本健康素养的比例为11.5%;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,来自吉林省(OR=4.15,95%CI:3.03～5.69)及河北省(OR=2.18,95%CI:1.61～2.96)、学校位于郊区(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.01～1.56)、母亲文化程度为高中(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.99～1.60)和大专及以上(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.53～2.57)、喜欢接受健康教育(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.45～2.71)的中学生具备基本健康素养的比例更高;高中生(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40～0.63)以及仅从学校(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45～0.85)或家庭(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.53～1.01)接受健康教育的中学生具备基本健康素养的比例更低。结论我国中学生健康素养水平较低,家庭和学校需要在健康教育中承担相同的责任,健康教育应以学生喜闻乐见的形式展开。

Study on the status and influencing factors of health literacy among middle school students in three provinces,China

Objective To comprehensively understand the status and problem of health literacy among middle school students in three provinces, China, in order to provide suggestions for further health education. Methods Multistage sampling method was used to select 5 000 students from 22 junior high schools or senior high schools in Guangdong province, Jilin province and Hebei province from January 2015 to February 2017.The participants were surveyed by questionnaires which consist of basic data, health knowledge, health attitude, health skills and health behaviors. Results The average score of health literacy was 69.67±10.04, and the proportion of having basic health literacy was 11.5% among middle school students in Guangdong, Jilin, Hebei provinces.Binary Logistic analysis showed that students from Jilin(OR=4.15,95%CI:3.03-5.69) and Hebei(OR=2.18,95%CI:1.61-2.96), living in suburb areas(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.01-1.56), with maternal education of high school(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.99-1.60) or college and above(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.53-2.57), enjoying in accepting health education(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.45-2.71) had higher proportion of basic health literacy.And the students in senior high school(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63), who only accepted health education from school (OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45-0.85)or family(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.53-1.01) had lower proportion of basic health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy level of middle school students in China is relatively low, so families and schools need to assume the same responsibilities in health education.Also, health education should be carried out in the forms students love to see and hear.