北京市郊区中小学生超重肥胖现状及相关因素分析

目的 分析北京市郊区中小学生超重肥胖及一些营养相关行为的流行情况,为下一步制定更有效的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,分别于2015年和2017年选取北京市农村地区3个区县,各区按照5%比例抽取学校。从小学三到五年级、初中一二年级、高中一二年级每个年级抽取2个班级,共调查3 833名学生。问卷调查体重、身高、营养及饮食行为、饮水状况、营养知识等内容。 结果 郊区中小学生总体肥胖检出率为12.90%,超重检出率为14.20%。男生肥胖检出率17.00%,女生肥胖检出率8.43%,男生高于女生(χ²=57.270,P=0.001)。2017年学生肥胖检出率高于2015年,分别为14.77%、11.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.001,P=0.001)。只有72.89%的学生每周6~7 d吃早餐。16.54%的学生报告早餐不常吃饱。调查对象中有31.02%的学生经常喝饮料。20.90%的学生每天饮水不足1 000 ml。355例小学生(13.05%)、114例初中学生(20.14%)、128例高中学生(23.40%)不能正确对待食品添加剂,表现为不了解或知道食品添加剂对身体有害但无所谓,学段越高有认识问题的学生越多,差异具有统计学意义(χ²=47.622,P=0.001)。8.91%(88/988)的肥胖或超重学生吃减肥药,6.87%(181/2 636)体重正常或偏瘦的学生也在吃减肥药。 结论 北京市郊区学生肥胖检出率呈继续上升趋势,应该针对个体加强营养知识宣传和干预工作。

Analysis of current status and related factors for obesity and overweight among primary and secondary school students in the suburb of Beijing

Objective To analyze the prevalence of obesity, overweight and related nutritional behaviors among primary and secondary school students in the suburb of Beijing in 2015 and 2017, in order to provide evidence for effective intervention measures. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method at the proportion of 5% was used to select 3 rural districts in Beijing.And two classes for every grade from grade 3-5 of the primary schools and grade 1-2 for both middle schools and high schools.Totally of 3 833 students were investigated.Information such as weight, height, nutrition and food intake, water intake as well as nutritional knowledge was involved in questionnaires. Results The overall obesity rate of primary and secondary school students was 12.9%, and the overweight rate was 14.2%.And significant difference on obesity rate existed between boys and girls(17.00% vs.8.43%, χ²=57.270, P=0.001).Moreover, obesity rate in 2017 was higher than that in 2015(14.77% vs.11.33%, χ²=10.001, P=0.001).Only 72.89% of the students had breakfast at least six days every week, and 16.54% reported that they did not have enough food for breakfast.31.02% often had sugary drinks,20.90% reported having water less than 1 000 ml of every day.Totally 355(13.05%) primary students,114(20.14%) of middle school students and 128(23.40%)high school students had appropriate attitude for food additives.And students who had wrong attitude for food additives were much more in high grade(χ²=47.622, P=0.001).Also,8.91%(88/988) of the overweight or obese students had ever taken weight-reducing pills and 6.87%(181/2 636) of the normal-weight or underweight students had also ever taken the pills. Conclusion Obesity in suburban students is increasing prevalent, so individualized nutrition intervention should be the priorities of the future work.