1956-2010年长沙市尘肺死亡病例调查

目的探讨长沙市尘肺病死亡病例的分布以及死亡原因等流行病学特点,为尘肺病防治提供对策。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对1956-2010年尘肺报告死亡病例,按不同年代、不同死亡年龄、死亡原因等,进行统计分析。结果长沙市累计报告尘肺死亡病例690例,病死率为18.70%;病死率居前3位的尘肺是:矽肺、陶工尘肺、煤工尘肺;引起尘肺病例死亡的前5位原因:肺结核、慢性呼吸衰竭、肺心病、肺部肿瘤、心脑血管疾病。最小死亡年龄24.12岁,最大死亡年龄85.16岁,平均死亡年龄59.86岁。结论预防尘肺病并发症,系统治疗肺结核病、控制肺部感染和慢性呼吸系统疾病,是延长尘肺患者寿命,提高生活质量的主要措施。

Death Cases of Pneumoconiosis in Changsha,1956-2010

Objective To provide strategies for pneumoconiosis prevention by exploring the epidemiological features of pneumoconiosis death cases in Changsha,such as death distribution,cause of death,etc.Method Death cases of pneumoconiosis from 1956 to 2010,according to different era,different age at death,different causes of death,etc,were analyzed with retrospective investigation method.Results A total of 690 pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Changsha,with the fatality rate was 18.70%.The top three of pneumoconiosis fatality rate were silicosis,kaolin pneumoconiosis,coalworker pneumoconiosis.And the top five of pneumoconiosis death causes were tuberculosis,chronic respiratory failure,pulmonary heart disease,lung cancer,cardiovascular disease.The minimum death age was 24.12,while the maximum one was 85.16,and mean in 59.86.Conclusion The main measure of prolonging pneumoconiosis cases’ life and improving the quality of cases’ life are preventing pneumoconiosis complications,treating tuberculosis systemically,controlling pulmonary infection and chronic respiratory disorders.