1961-2010年南充市肾综合征出血热监测

目的探索南充市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行规律与特征,为其防制提供科学依据。方法统计1961-2010年疫情资料,分析人群血清学和宿主动物监测结果。结果 1961-2010年全市HFRS平均发病率为3.92/10万,病死率为4.09%,1976-1995年为发病的高峰期,呈现5月～7月和10月～翌年1月2个发病高峰,主要发病地区为3个市辖区和相邻的蓬安县,发病以青壮年男性农民为主;共捕鼠9种6 881只,总鼠密度10.80%,居民区以褐家鼠为优势鼠种,野外以四川短尾鼩和黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,鼠肺HFRS抗原阳性率为4.75%,带病毒鼠主要为黑线姬鼠(8.75%)和褐家鼠(4.30%),HFRS发病与总鼠密度、野外黑线姬鼠密度及居民区内褐家鼠密度相关。结论南充市属姬鼠型为主的混合HFRS疫区,发病呈高度散发和相对集中的流行特点。黑线姬鼠与褐家鼠是南充市HFRS的主要宿主动物及传染源,应综合预防,加强监测。

HFRS Surveillance in Nanchong,1961-2010

Objective By exploring the epidemic trend and characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Nanchong,to provide scientific evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Epidemiological information from 1961 to 2010 was collected,and serological and host animal population monitoring results were analyzed.Results From 1961 to 2010,the incidence rate of HFRS in whole city was 3.92/105,the case fatality rate was 4.09%,and the incidence peaked in 1976-1995,presented two peaks in one year,in which were May to July and October to next January.The disease mainly occurred in 3 municipal districts and neighboring Peng’an county,and in young female farmers.Totally 6881 rats in 9 species were captured,the total rodent density was 10.80%.The dominant rat species in residential areas were Rattus norvegicus,short-tailed shrew and in field was Sichuan Apodemus.The positive rate of rat lung HFRS antigen was 4.75%,the virus mainly carried by Apodemus(8.75%) and Rattus norvegicus(4.30%).The incidence of HFRS was related to the total rat density,the density of wild Apodemus and the density of Rattus norvegicus in residential areas.Conclusion Nanchong was the Apodemus-type based mixed HFRS epidemic area,the epidemic characteristic presented highly sporadic and relative concentrated.Apodemus and Rattus norvegicus are the main host animals and reservior of infection of HFRS in Nanchong city.Integrated prevention should be conducted,with monitoring strengthened.