2006-2010年北碚区尘肺病例分析

目的分析重庆市北碚区近5年尘肺病发生情况及流行特征,为今后的防治工作提供依据。方法对2006-2010年北碚区新增尘肺病例进行回顾性分析。结果 2006-2010年北碚区新增尘肺病例272例,其中煤工尘肺233例(85.66%),矽肺39例(14.34%);Ⅰ期228例(83.82%),Ⅱ期32例(11.76%),Ⅲ期12例(4.42%),虽然煤工尘肺和矽肺病例均以Ⅰ期为主,但矽肺Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病例所占比例高于煤工尘肺,其病例构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.25,P<0.01)。患者平均接尘工龄18.89±8.73年,不同病种的患者接尘工龄无差异。病例以40～49岁、50～59岁最常见,平均诊断年龄51.97±9.58岁,以采煤工、掘进工为主。患者主要分布在中小型煤炭企业,病例数排前5位的镇分别是天府、柳荫、金刀峡、静观和水土。46.32%的病例是通过体检机构初诊发现。结论煤工尘肺是北碚区最主要的尘肺病种,部分企业粉尘污染严重,应采取措施预防尘肺发病上升和年轻化倾向,今后的防治重点应由大型国企转向中小煤矿,接尘工人离岗及退休后的健康监护值得重视。

Pneumoconiosis Cases in Beibei District of Chongqing,2006-2010

Objective To analyze characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Beibei District of Chongqing from 2006 to 2010,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.Methods Pneumoconiosis cases cards from national occupational disease network straight quote system were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results Totally 272 new pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed in Beibei district from 2006 to 2010,including 233 coal worker pneumoconiosis cases and 39 silicosis cases.New cases included 228Ⅰ-stage pneumoconiosis,32 Ⅱ-stage pneumoconiosis and 12 Ⅲ-stage pneumoconiosis,accounting for 83.82%,11.76% and 4.41% respectively.The proportion of Ⅱ-stage and Ⅲ-stage cases of silicosis was higher than coal worker pneumoconiosis.The median length of service was 18.89±8.73 years,and average diagnostic age was 51.97±9.58 years old.The cases were mainly occurred in the small or medium factories of coal mining industries.The town ranked in the first five of pneumoconiosis cases were Tianfu,Liuyin,Jindaoxia,Jinguan and Shuitu.Among all cases,46.32% were founded by professional health supervision.Conclusion Coal worker pneumoconiosis was the main kind of pneumoconiosis in Beibei district.The pollution of dust in working-site was serious in some factories.Further efforts should be put on the small or medium factories of coal mining industries to prevent the increasing trend of pneumoconiosis and the appearance in younger age.Prevention focus should transfer from the large state-owned enterprises to medium and small coal mines in the future.The health supervision of the workers quitted working or retired should be paid more attention.