四川省RWSSH项目县农户和农村小学环境卫生基线调查情况分析

目的为了解"水、环境卫生和健康教育"三位一体项目目标群体在项目实施前的卫生行为及环境卫生设施状况,评估项目实施效果和影响。方法在四川省10个项目县(区),采用简单随机抽样法,确定3个样本县。在各县选30个项目村及收入水平、人口以及地理位置基本与项目村一致的30个非项目村共600户乡镇家庭,由观察员对日常家庭生活进行观察,后进行问卷调查。同时对项目地区30所小学进行调查。结果项目地区农户对儿童粪便处理随意性大,需进一步改善;农村卫生厕所普及率极低,亟待改善;农村公共卫生设施差,生活污水和垃圾无害化处理率极低,急需规范管理。农村小学卫生厕所覆盖率低,学校垃圾收集与处理缺乏科学性。结论项目地区应加大环境改善投入力度,改善环境卫生,加强健康教育,进一步加大对三位一体项目宣传,让群众了解项目内容,更新观念,改变他们的不良行为。

Environment Hanitation of Farmers and Rural Primary Schools in RWSSH Project County in Sichuan Province

Objective To evaluated the effect of rural water supply,sanitation and hygiene promotion(RWSSH) trinity project by understanding the health behavior and environment sanitation facilities status of project target group before the implementation.Methods Three sample counties were selected from 10 project counties in Sichuan province by using simple random sampling method.Selected 30 project villages and 30 non-project villages which had basically identical conditions of income level,population,geographical position with project villages to determine 600 families.The daily family life was observed by observer,and the questionnaire survey was performed after the observation.Thirty schools in project areas were investigated simultaneously.Results Peasant household had random treatment to children’s feces in project areas,it need to be improved;the popularization rate of sanitary latrine was low in countryside,it was in need of urgent improvement;public hygienic infrustruction was poor,harmless treatment rate of domestic sewage and garbage was low,it was in need of standard management.The popularization rate of sanitary latrine was low,collection and disposal of garbage was unscientific in rural primary schools.Conclusion Expenditure on environment improvement in project areas should be increased,with environmental sanitation improved,health education enhanced.Publicity of the trinity project should be further increased to make the project content be known by mass,renew the ideas and change their bad behaviors.