Interferon alpha production in the serum of very young infants after viral infections

IFN-alpha detection is useful in some clinical circumstances, but its use has never been validated in young infants with viral infections. OBJECTIVE: The authors wanted to determine it there was any difference in the assessment of IFN-alpha production between infants under or over six months of age. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A series of 233 children with identified common viral infections who had been assessed for IFN-alpha production was retrospectively analyzed. The viral infections were enteroviral meningitis (n =103), respiratory syncytial virus infections (n =60), and rotavirus gastroenteritis (n =70). Data collected from the group of infants under six months of age (n =105) was compared to that of the older children (n =128). Qualitative and quantitative values of interferon-alpha were determined for each group. RESULTS: Interferon-alpha was detected in very young infants (81.9% of cases) as often as in the older age group (80.3% of cases), for any of the three viral infections (P =0.3-0.63). The mean level of interferon-alpha production detected was not lower in the youngest group, and even higher in the group under six months of age with enteroviral meningitis. CONCLUSION: Interferon-alpha detection in very young infants is efficient and may be useful to differentiate between viral and bacterial infection particularly when the etiological diagnosis appears uncertain.