2018年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2018年全国血吸虫病疫情，并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和453个国家血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2018年底，全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中，上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省（直辖市、自治区）继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果，四川省达到传播阻断标准，云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等6个省达到传播控制标准。全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县（市、区），总人口2.60亿人；共有28 456个流行村，总人口7 005.97万人。全国450个流行县（市、区）中，263个（58.44%）达到消除标准，124个（27.56%）达到传播阻断标准，63个（14.00%）达到传播控制标准。2018年全国尚存晚期血吸虫病病人29 214例。2018年全国共开展询检查病1 112.76万人，阳性206.29万人；开展血检查病719.14万人，阳性13.85万人；开展病原学检查53.22万人，阳性8人。2018年全国共有19 821个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查，7 321个村查出钉螺，占调查总数的36.94%，新查出 3个有螺村；共查螺590 241.01 hm2，查出有螺面积168 319.41 hm2，其中新发现有螺面积61.28 hm2，未发现感染性钉螺。2018年我国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛646 823头，血检查病225 258头，阳性2 638头；开展粪检查病164 803头，阳性2头。2018年全国共治疗血吸虫病患者90 388例，扩大化疗1 490 594人·次；治疗病牛2头，扩大化疗耕牛352 577头·次；开展药物灭螺总面积141 660.87 hm2，实际药物灭螺75 308.26 hm2，环境改造灭螺4 738.37 hm2。2018年全国453个国家血吸虫病监测点中，居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.001 5%和0，未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示，全国血吸虫病疫情总体保持持续下降态势，但血吸虫病传播风险依然存在，部分地区距离实现《“十三五”全国血吸虫病防治规划》确定的2020年目标仍存在挑战。［关键词］

Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People's Republic of China in 2018

This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2018, and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and 453 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, 5 provinces (municipality and autonomous region), including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, Sichuan Province achieved transmission interruption and 6 provinces of Yunnan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan achieved transmission control by the end of 2018. There were 450 endemic counties (city, district) covering 260 million people, specifically including 28 456 endemic villages covering 70.059 7 million people at risk of infection. Among the 450 endemic counties (city, district), 58.44% (263/450), 27.56% (124/450) and 14.00% (63/450) reached the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control, respectively. By the end of 2018, a total of 29 214 advanced schistosomiasis cases were documented in China. In 2018, a total of 11.127 6 million individuals received inquiry examinations and 2.062 9 million were positive; 7.191 4 million individuals received serological tests and 138.5 thousand of them were positive, 532.2 thousand individuals received stool examinations and 8 were positive in China. In 2018, snail survey was performed in 19 821 endemic villages and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 321 villages, accounting for 36.94% of all surveyed villages, with 3 newly detected villages with snails in China. Snail survey covered an area of 590 241.01 hm2 and 168 319.41 hm2 snail habitats were found, including emerging snail habitats of 61.28 hm2; however, no infected snails were identified. In 2018, a total of 646 823 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China, and 225 258 received serological examinations, with 2 638 positives detected, while 164 803 bovines received stool examinations, with 2 positives identified. In 2018, there were 90 388 patients with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was given to 1 490 594 person?times; there were two bovines with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was given to 352 577 bovine?times; chemical treatment was conducted in an area of 141 660.87 hm2, including an actual mollusciciding area of 75 308.26 hm2, and environmental improvements were performed in an area of 4 738.37 hm2 in China. Data from the 453 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean Schistosoma japonicum infection rates were 0.001 5% and zero in humans and bovines in 2018, respectively, and no infected snails were found. The results demonstrate that the endemic situation of schistosomiasis appears a tendency towards a continuous decline in China; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission, and challenges remain in achieving the target set in the Thirteenth Five?Year National Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in 2020 in some regions.