2010–2017年全国血吸虫病疫情分析

目的　分析2010–2017年全国血吸虫病疫情，掌握血吸虫病流行趋势，为制定消除血吸虫病措施提供科学依据。方法　收集2010–2017年全国血吸虫病疫情和防治工作资料，对历年疫情进行描述性分析。结果　2010–2017年，全国推算血吸虫病病人数逐年下降，降幅为88.46%；共报告急性血吸虫病病例71例，以散发为主，其中有12.68%（9/71）为输入性病例。流行区存栏耕牛数量减少50.09%，累计查出血吸虫感染耕牛17 239头；耕牛平均粪检阳性率从1.04%下降至0.000 22%。全国实有钉螺面积373 596.18～363 068.95 hm2，每年新发现有螺面积46.71～1 346.73 hm2；2012年和2013年分别报告感染性钉螺分布面积171.68 hm2和9.25 hm2。在7个流行省份的72个重点水域开展哨鼠监测显示，2010年和2016年分别发现17个和6个水体血吸虫阳性点；其他风险监测点也分别发现了感染血吸虫的耕牛、犬、野鼠，以及在有螺地带放牧、野便等与血吸虫病传播有关的高风险因素。结论　全国血吸虫病疫情整体显著下降，已处于较低流行水平；但流行环境因素尚未彻底消除，依然存在血吸虫病传播的风险。应继续加强传染源防控，加强健康教育，控制重点环境钉螺，完善监测预警和响应机制，推进全国消除血吸虫病进程。

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in People's Republic of China from 2010 to 2017

Objective　To understand the epidemic trend of schistosomiasis in China from 2010 to 2017 so as to provide the scientific evidence for schistosomiasis elimination. Methods　The information of schistosomiasis control nationwide from 2010 to 2017 was collected, including the endemic of population, status of livestock control, and Oncomelania hupensis snail control. Microsoft Excel was applied for datum management and analysis. Results　From 2010 to 2017, the epidemic of schistosomiasis in China dropped significantly. The decreasing amplitude of estimated number of patients nationwide was 88.46%. Seventy?one acute schistosomiasis patients were reported and 12.68% (9/71) of them were imported. The decreasing rate of cultivated cattle was 50.09% , and the accumulative number of schistosome?infected cattle was 17 239, and the average positive rate of stool examinations decreased from 1.04% to 0.000 22%. The area with snails nationwide was 373 596.18 to 363 068.95 hm2, and the new detected area with snails was 46.71 to 1 346.73 hm2. The area with schistosome?infected snails was 171.68 hm2 in 2012 and it was 9.25 hm2 in 2013. In 72 key monitoring points of 7 endemic provinces, there were 17 schistosome positive points of water body in 2010 and 6 points in 2016. There were some high risk?factors related to schistosomiasis transmission including schistosome?infected cattle, dogs, and field rats, and the field stools, and the pasture in the area with snails in schistosomiasis monitoring points. Conclusions　The endemic status of schistosomiasis in China has dropped significantly, and the transmission level is very low. However, the infectious source and risk factors in the endemic environments have not be eliminated. Therefore, the infectious source control, health education, snail control, and transmission monitoring should be strengthened, so as to promote the progress of schistosomiasis elimination.