2013–2015年嘉兴市秀洲区血吸虫病潜在传播因素监测

目的　了解嘉兴市秀洲区血吸虫病传播潜在风险，为血吸虫病巩固监测工作提供科学依据。方法　2013–2015年在嘉兴市秀洲区设立固定或流动血吸虫病监测点，对历史有螺环境、现有钉螺环境和可疑钉螺孳生环境开展螺情调查；应用血清学、病原学方法开展当地居民和流动人员血吸虫感染调查。采用螺笼饲养法，观察输入性钉螺在秀洲区生存、繁殖的可能性；捕捉野外保虫宿主，解剖观察血吸虫感染情况。结果　2013–2015年嘉兴市秀洲区累计查螺面积540.14 hm2，查出有螺面积1.65 hm2，有螺环境以旱地为主，未检测到感染性钉螺，未监测到外来钉螺输入。3年内本地居民和流动人员共开展血吸虫病查病7 668人·次，未查到本地新感染病人（畜），查出输入性血吸虫病患者3例。现场钉螺生存、繁殖模拟实验显示，输入性钉螺可以产卵与繁殖；野外保虫宿主调查未发现血吸虫感染动物。结论　嘉兴市秀洲区仍有一定数量的残存钉螺和输入性血吸虫病传染源存在，应重点做好本地钉螺和输入性传染源监测与管理，以降低血吸虫病传播风险。

Surveillance of potential transmission factors of schistosomiasis in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2015

Objective　To understand the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City, so as to provide the scientific evidence for consolidating schistosomiasis control achievements. Methods　Fixed and mobile surveillance sites were set up in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2015. Oncomelania hupensis snails was surveyed historical snail habitats, current snail habitats, and suspected snail habitats. The schistosome infections were identified using serological and parasitological testing among local residents and mobile populations. In addition, the survival and reproduction of snails imported into Xiuzhou District was observed, and the schistosome infection in wild reservoir hosts was detected. Results　A total of 540.14 hm2 of settings were surveyed in Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2015, and 1.65 hm2 of snail habitats were identified. The snail habitats were mainly located in dry lands, and no infected snails or importation of snails were found. During the period from 2013 to 2015, a total of 7 668 local residents and mobile populations were examined in Xiuzhou District, and no new local infections were detected; however, three imported schistosomiasis cases were identified. Field simulation experiment showed that the imported snails laid eggs and reproduced in Xiuzhou District, and no schistosome infections were found in wild animals. Conclusion　There are still residual Oncomelania snails and imported schistosomiasis patients in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City; therefore, the surveillance and management of local Oncomelania snails and imported schistosomiasis should be intensified to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.