农村地区5岁以下儿童死亡的性别差异及死因分析

目的 了解农村地区5岁以下儿童死亡的性别差异及死因，为进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供依据。方法 采用一个国家级5岁以下儿童死亡监测县1997-2000年上报的资料，分析5岁以下儿童死亡的性别差异及死亡原因。结果 5岁以下儿童除晚期新生儿和1-4岁儿童死亡率高于女性外，其余各年龄组死亡率男性低于女性，按国际疾病分类标准（ICD-10）分类比较不同疾病的男女性死亡率，得出与围生期有关的疾病的死亡率男性大于女性，呼吸系统疾病和先天畸形的死亡率女性高于男性；将疾病按可避免死亡和不可避免死亡两类划分可得到除早期新生儿不可避免死亡疾病的死亡率男性低于女性外，其他年龄组不可避免死亡的死亡率男性高于女性；而可避免死亡疾病的死亡率只有1-4岁组男性高于女性，其他年龄组男性均低于女性，从死亡地点，死前就医，诊断级别的构成上看死亡的1-4岁儿童男女性别差异有显性，男性死亡在医院的比例大于女性，男性患儿死前进行住院治疗的比例高于女性，男性患儿死前24h就医治疗的情况好于女性患儿；男性儿童诊断级别高于女性，女性在村或未就医的比例高于男性。结论 该地区男女性儿童可避免死亡的死亡率均高于不可避免疾病的死亡率，绝大多数死因别死亡率女性高于男性，尤其是可避免死亡疾病的死亡等女性高于男性，女性婴幼儿的生存环境劣于男性。

Analysis on Causes of Death and Sex Ratios of Child Under 5 years old in Rural Area

Objective To analysis the causes of death and sex ratios of under 5 chlid death in a rural area in china. Methods Data were collected by a under 5 child death monitoring county system during 1997 to 2000. Results Mortality rate of the others age group of 1 - 4 in girls were higher than that in boys, death sex ratios were less than 1, except kte neonate and 1-4 age groups. According to international classification of diseases, mortality rate of certain conditions originating in the perinatal period in boys were higher than that in girls, mortality rate of diseases of the respiratory system and congenital malformations in boys were lower than that in girls.Most cause - specfic death rate in girls were higher than that in boys.The unavoidable causes of death rate of child under 5 years old in girls were lower than that in boys. The avoidable causes of death rate of child under 5 years old d in girls were higher than that in boys.Therapy of sicken cliild in boys were better than that in girls. Conclusion The main deaths of child under 5 years old were avoidable in every age group, most cause - specific death rate in girls were higher than that in boys. The avoidable causes of death rate of child under 5 years old in girls were higher than that in hoys. Survival situation of child under 5 years old in girls is worse than that in boys in study area.