内蒙古乌海市居民膳食多样化与血脂水平的关系

目的 了解内蒙古乌海市成年居民膳食多样化程度，分析其与血脂水平的关系。方法 2014年9月~11月采用多阶段抽样方法对乌海市5 409名18~79周岁常住居民进行膳食频率调查，计算其膳食多样化得分（dietary diversity score，DDS），利用多重线性回归模型分析DDS与血脂水平关系。结果 乌海市居民DDS为（5.9±1.4）分，男性低于女性（t=-4.99，P<0.001）；文化程度和家庭年收入较高人群膳食多样化程度较高（均有P<0.05）；DDS高分组人群蔬菜、水果、禽畜肉类、鱼虾类、豆类和奶类摄入量均高于低分组人群（均有P<0.05），女性中DDS高分组人群谷类摄入量低于低分组人群（Z=-2.84，P=0.005）；多重线性回归结果显示DDS与血浆总胆固醇（男性β=-0.040，P=0.028；女性β=-0.034，P=0.011）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（男性β=-0.036，P=0.024；女性β=-0.032，P=0.006）水平呈负相关。结论 乌海市居民膳食多样化水平较低，增加膳食多样性可以降低血总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，建议当地居民提高膳食多样化水平，同时增加水果、奶类和鱼虾类的摄入，减少精加工谷类和禽畜肉类的摄入。

Dietary diversity in residents of Wuhai,Inner Mongolia and its effect on serum lipid level

Objective To understand the dietary diversity in residents of Wuhai,Inner Mongolia and to analyze its effect on serum lipid level.Methods Subjects were stratified by multi-stage sampling method from September to November in 2014 and 5 409 residents aged 18 to 79 years were enrolled in this study.Diet information was obtained by using food frequency questionnaire.Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated in order to understand the dietary diversity.The association between the dietary diversity and serum lipid level was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results Mean dietary diversity score was 5.9 ± 1.4 and the score of males was lower than that of females (t =-4.99,P ＜ 0.001).Education level and household income were positively associated with DDS (P ＜ 0.001).Subjects with high DDS consumed more vegetables,fruit,meat,egg,fish and soy (all P ＜ 0.05).Women with high DDS consumed less carbohydrate (Z =-2.84,P =0.005).DDS was negatively associated with total cholesterol (male,β =-0.040,P =0.028;female,β =-0.034,P =0.011) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (male,β =-0.036,P =0.024;female,β =-0.032,P =0.006).Conclusions The dietary diversity of residents in Wuhai was poor.DDS was negatively associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol.We should increase the dietary diversity and the intake of fruit,milk and fish while decrease the intake of meat and refined carbohydrate.