青岛市成年人吸烟、被动吸烟行为及认知现状调查

目的 了解2014年青岛市 ≥ 15岁成人吸烟、二手烟暴露状况及对烟草危害知识的认知水平。方法 采用2014年中国成人烟草调查问卷，抽取青岛市4 349名 ≥ 15岁非集体居住的常住居民，使用复杂抽样设计方法对吸烟率、二手烟暴露率、烟草危害认知情况等指标进行统计学分析。结果 青岛市 ≥ 15岁成人现在吸烟率为21.31%，现在每日吸烟率为18.18%；男性高于女性，农村高于城市；在公共场所、工作场所和家三类场所的二手烟暴露率分别为42.39%、26.62%、40.53%；暴露率在性别、教育水平等方面差异有统计学意义；吸烟引起中风、心肌梗塞、肺癌和阴茎勃起障碍四种疾病的总体知晓率仅为21.72%，被动吸烟引起的成人心脏病、成人肺癌和儿童肺部疾病三种疾病的总体知晓率为45.19%。结论 青岛市 ≥ 15岁成人吸烟和二手烟暴露均低于2010年和2015年全国水平，但流行现状仍较严重，对烟草烟雾危害知识认识不足，烟草控制面临挑战。

Smoking and passive smoking status and awareness of tobacco hazard among adults in Qingdao

Objective To understand the smoking and passive smoking status and awareness of tobacco hazards among adults aged ≥ 15 years in Qingdao.Methods A total of 4 349 residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and a questionnaire survey was conducted anong them.Indicators such as current smoking rates,passive smoking rates and awareness of tobacco hazards were analyzed by the method of complex sampling design.Results The current smoking rate of residents aged ≥ 15 years was 21.31％,the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 18.18％,and men was higher than women,rural area was higher than urban area.Rates of secondhand smoke exposure in public place,workplace and at home were 42.39％,26.62％ and 40.53％ respectively.The exposure rates were significantly different in gender,education level,etc.Only 21.72％ residents awared that smoking could cause stroke,myocardial infarction,lung cancer and penile erectile dysfunction.45.19％ residents awared that passive smoking could cause heart disease,lung cancer in adults and lung disease in children.Conclusions The prevalence of smoking and passive smoking in adults aged ≥ 15 years in Qingdao were below the national level in 2010 and 2015,but the epidemic status was still serious and the cognition of tobacco risk related knowledge was still scarce.The tobacco control is facing a great challenge.