北京、上海社区老年人跌倒现况及影响因素研究

目的 了解北京、上海两城市社区老年人跌倒发生的现况，分析社区老年人跌倒发生的危险因素，为开展老年人跌倒的预防工作提供理论依据。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样，分别抽取北京市的4个小区和上海市的6个小区，对其中≥60岁的老年人进行入户调查。结果 接受本次调查并完成全部问卷的老年人共1 345人，2014年内共有342人发生过跌倒，共发生478次，跌倒发生率为35.54%，跌倒的地点主要在家中，占45.61%。多因素分析结果显示，跌倒发生的影响因素主要有:年龄，易导致跌倒发生的相关疾病，能否正确认识自己的能力，鞋子是否合脚防滑，楼梯台阶高度、坡度是否合适。结论 北京、上海两地跌倒发生率较高，跌倒主要发生在家中。为了降低老年人跌倒发生率，应该从个人、家庭、社区等各个方面针对高危人群进行综合性的干预措施。

Analysis on prevalence and risk factors for falls among the elderly in communities of Beijing and Shanghai

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling older people in Beijing and Shanghai,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention on falls. Methods Using the multi-stage random sampling method, we randomly selected four communities in Beijing and six communities in Shanghai to investigate the people aged above 60 years. Results A total of 1 345 elderly people accepted the survey and completed all questionnaires, among which 342 people had falls for a total of 478 times in 2014, the incidence rate of falls was 35.54%. Falls primarily occurred inside home, accounting for 45.61% of total types. Multivariate analysis showed the factors of falls were age, diseases which are easily leading to falls, understanding of self-ability, improper-fitting and slippery shoes and inappropriate stairs. Conclusions Beijing and Shanghai had high incidences of falls, mainly occurred inside home. In order to reduce the incidence of falls in elderly people, it should be integrated in all aspects of interventions from individuals, families and communities for the high-risk groups.