石家庄市社区综合干预预防老年人跌倒的效果评价

目的 了解石家庄市社区老年人跌倒的发生情况，并评价预防老年人跌倒干预措施的效果。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，于2012年随机抽取石家庄市桥西区维明社区60岁及以上、居住至少满1年的836名老年人作为调查对象，进行基线调查，然后每年对社区老年人进行预防跌倒的社区综合干预，2015年再次对相同社区老年人的跌倒情况进行随访调查。结果 干预后跌倒发生率（5.7%）低于干预前（11.6%）；干预后调查对象关于"跌倒可以预防"，"老年人选择老花镜时是否需要验光后购买"，"老年人跌倒后是否应该马上扶起"的知晓率均高于干预前（均有P<0.001），干预后调查对象在预防跌倒相关行为中关于"采取措施预防跌倒"，"没有因为担心跌倒而减少自己的日常活动或运动"比例均高于干预前（均有P<0.001）。结论 对社区老年人实施社区综合干预能够提高老年人预防跌倒知识知晓率及相关行为比例，并能有效降低跌倒的发生率。

Study on effectiveness of falls intervention programs in community-dwelling older people in Shijiazhuang

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of falls of the elderly in the community,Shijiazhuang.Methods Through random stratified sampling,an investigation of 836 adults in 2012 was carried out among the elderly of 60 years old and above,who living at least 1 year in Weiming communities of Qiaoxi district,Shijiazhuang.Intervention strategies including giving lectures and distributing free literature on falls-related knowledge,and making personalized programs and health education on falls prevention were provided to the interviewees regularly every year after the time of baseline survey.A follow-up survey was conducted in the same community in 2015.Results The incidence of falls was 11.6％ at baseline,while the incidence rate of falls was 5.7％ after the intervention.After the intervention,the awareness rate of falls-related knowledge in "falls can be prevented","the elderly should take medical optometry before buying presbyopic glasses" and "if the elderly should be lift up immediately after the fall" were higher than those before the intervention(all P ＜0.001),and the rate of relevant behavior in "taking measures to prevent falls" and "you would not reduce your daily activities or sports because of the fearing of falling" were higher than those before the intervention (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The comprehensive intervention can improve the knowledge awareness of preventing falls and the rate of related behavior of the elderly in the community,and it can reduce the incidence rate of fall.