Bcl‐XL and MCL‐1 constitute pertinent targets in ovarian carcinoma and their concomitant inhibition is sufficient to induce apoptosis

In ovarian carcinomas, recurrence and acquired chemoresistance are the first leading causes of therapeutic failure and are responsible for the poor overall survival rate. Cisplatin exposure of sensitive cells has been previously associated with a down‐regulation of Bcl‐X_L expression and apoptosis, whereas recurrence was systematically observed when Bcl‐X_L expression was maintained. Bcl‐X_L down‐regulation could thus constitute an interesting chemosensitizing strategy. We showed that a Bcl‐X_L targeted RNA interference strategy efficiently sensitized chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin, but some of them were still able to re‐proliferate. Considering the possible cooperation between Bcl‐X_L and MCL‐1, we investigated the possibility to avoid recurrence in vitro using a multi‐targeted RNAi strategy directed against these two anti‐apoptotic proteins. We showed that their concomitant inhibition lead to massive apoptosis in absence of cisplatin, this multi‐targeted RNAi approach being much more efficient than conventional chemotherapy. We thus demonstrated that Bcl‐X_L and MCL‐1 cooperate to constitute together a strong molecular “bolt”, which elimination could be sufficient to allow chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that in presence of a low concentration of cisplatin, the concomitant down‐regulation of Bcl‐X_L and MCL‐1 allowed a complete annihilation of tumour cells population thus avoiding subsequent recurrence in vitro in cell lines highly refractory to any type of conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, Bcl‐X_L and MCL‐1 targeted strategies could constitute an efficient therapeutic tool for the treatment of chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma, in association with conventional chemotherapy.